ENTREPRENEURSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enterprise - Essay Example e prime plan of this report is to break down the innovative conduct of a café proprietor who is showing an eatery business to directing up close and personal meeting with a predefined set of inquiries. While distinguishing the basis of setting up this report, it is to be avowed that today, food industry is one of the developing divisions and consequently urged the entrepreneurs to set up cafés with the point of gaining more benefit (Palo Alto Software, 2015). Along these lines, there exists a high rivalry in the midst of the eateries, as this shows up under the classification of ‘perfectly serious market’. It is along these lines essential for a café proprietor to choose the objective clients and attempt to satisfy their necessities according to their requests. Enterprise indicates the preparation and the capacity of a business person to build up and deal with a business alongside the dangers engaged with it with the aim of winning greatest benefit (Harvard Business Publishing, 2015). A business visionary is answerable for building up a plan of action and securing fundamental assets that are required for maintaining a business in a productive way (2Entrepreneur Media Inc, 2015). Business people are properly viewed as the pioneers who consistently want to face challenges and actualize the open doors got from the market by methods for improving existing items/administrations (Brooks, 2015). Corresponding to a café business, the enterprise hypothesis or model in a general sense speaks to specific abilities including the administration and group building aptitudes that are considered as the initiative characteristics, which esteemed to be very fundamental for the business people to get more prominent achievement. In any case, one of the significant components of enterprise hypothesis with regards to eatery business is simply the enthusiasm for directing business and staying self roused all through the business or operational procedure (Kuratko, 2013). Corresponding to the café business, the enterprise hypothesis speaks to the way that

10 Astonishing Facts About House Flies

10 Astonishing Facts About House Flies The house fly, Musca domestica, might be the most widely recognized creepy crawly weâ encounter. Be that as it may, what amount do you really think about the house fly? Here are 10 entrancing realities about house flies: 1. House Flies Live Almost Everywhere There Are People In spite of the fact that accepted to be local to Asia, house flies currently possess almost every edge of the globe. Except for Antarctica and maybe a couple of islands, house flies live wherever individuals do. House flies are synanthropic creatures, which means they advantage environmentally from their relationship with people and our tamed creatures. As people from the beginning of time headed out to new grounds by transport, plane, train, or pony drawn wagon, house flies were their movement friends. On the other hand, house flies are seldom found in the wild or in places where people are missing. Should mankind stop to exist, house flies may share our destiny. 2. House Flies Are Relatively Young Insects in the World As a request, genuine flies are old animals that showed up on Earth during the Permian time frame, more than 250 million years prior. In any case, house flies appear to be moderately youthful, contrasted with their Dipteran cousins. The soonest known Musca fossils are just 70 million years of age. This proof proposes the nearest progenitors of house flies showed up during the Cretaceous time frame, not long before the notorious shooting star tumbled from the sky and, some state, set off the termination of the dinosaurs. 3. House Flies Multiply Quickly Were it not for ecological conditions and predation, marry be invaded by house flies. Musca domestica has a short life cycle †only 6 days if conditions are correct †and a female house fly lays a normal of 120 eggs one after another. Researchers once determined what might occur if a solitary pair of flies had the option to repeat unbounded or mortality to their posterity. The outcome? Those two flies, in only 5 months time, would deliver 191,010,000,000,000,000,000 house flies, enough to cover the planet a few meters down. 4. House Flies Don't Travel Far and Aren't Fast Hear that humming sound? That is the quick development of a house flys wings, which can thump to 1,000 times each moment. That is no grammatical error. It might shock you to learn, at that point, that theyre for the most part moderate fliers, keeping up a speed of about 4.5 miles every hour. House flies move when natural conditions urge them to do as such. In urban zones, where individuals live in closeness and there is a lot of trash and other rottenness to be discovered, house flies have little regions and may just fly 1,000 meters or thereabouts. Be that as it may, rustic house flies will meander far and wide looking for compost, concealing to 7 miles after some time. The longest flight separation recorded for a house fly is 20 miles. 5. House Flies Make Their Living in Filth House flies feed and breed in the things we berate: trash, creature manure, sewage, human dung, and other dreadful substances. Musca domestica is presumably the most popular and generally regular of the creepy crawlies we aggregately allude to as rottenness flies. In rural or provincial territories, house flies are likewise abundant in fields where fish dinner or excrement is utilized as manure, and in fertilizer loads where grass clippings and decaying vegetables aggregate. 6. House Flies Are on an All-Liquid Diet House flies have wipe like mouthparts, which are useful for absorbing melted substances yet not for eating strong nourishments. In this way, the house fly either searches out food that is now in puddle structure, or it figures out how to transform the food source into something it can oversee. This is the place things get sort of gross. At the point when a house fly finds something delectable yet strong, it disgorges onto the food (which might be your food, if its humming around your grill). The fly regurgitation contains stomach related catalysts that go to chip away at the ideal tidbit, rapidly predigesting and condensing it so the fly can lap it up. 7. House Flies Taste With Their Feet How do flies conclude something is tantalizing? They step on it! Like butterflies, house flies have their taste buds on their toes, in a manner of speaking. Taste receptors, called chemosensilla, are situated at the furthest parts of the bargains tibia and tarsa (in less complex terms, the lower leg and foot). The second they land on something of intrigue †your trash, a heap of pony fertilizer, or maybe your lunch †they begin examining its flavor by strolling around. 8. House Flies Transmit a Lot of Diseases Since house flies flourish in places that are abounding with pathogens, they have a propensity for conveying ailment making specialists with them from place. A house fly will arrive on a heap of canine crap, examine it completely with its feet, and afterward fly over to your outdoor table and stroll around on your cheeseburger bun for a piece. Their food and reproducing locales are as of now flooding with microorganisms, and afterward they upchuck and poop on them to add to the wreckage. House flies are known to transmit at any rate 65 ailments and contaminations, including cholera, looseness of the bowels, giardiasis, typhoid, uncleanliness, conjunctivitis, salmonella, and some more. 9. House Flies Can Walk Upside Down You likely realized that as of now, yet do you know how they play out this gravity-challenging accomplishment? Slow movement video shows that a house fly will move toward a roof by executing a half move, and afterward will stretch out its legs to reach the substrate. Every one of the house flys legs bears a tarsal hook with a clingy cushion of sorts, so the fly can grasp practically any surface, from smooth window glass to a roof. 10. House Flies Poop a Lot Theres a colloquialism, Never crap where you eat. Wise counsel, most would state. Since house flies live on a fluid eating regimen (see #6), things move rather rapidly through their stomach related tracts. About each time a house fly terrains, it craps. So notwithstanding regurgitating on anything it thinks may make a scrumptious supper, the house fly quite often does crap where it eats. Remember that next time one contacts down on your potato serving of mixed greens. Sources: The Encyclopedia of Entomology, second version, altered by John L. Capinera.Encyclopedia of Insects, second release, altered by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Carde.Vector Control: Methods for Use by Individuals and Communities, by Jan A. Rozendaal, World Health Organization.Physicians Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, sixth release, by Jerome Goddard.Elements of Entomology, by Dr. Rajendra Singh.Time Flies, a New Molecular Time-Scale for Brachyceran Fly Evolution Without a Clock, in Systematic Biology, 2003.

Important Facts and Statistics about COPD

Important Facts and Statistics about COPD Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print Key Facts and Statistics About COPD By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on August 20, 2015 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 06, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a term that has been assigned to a group of life-threatening lung diseases that affect normal breathing. They are: Chronic bronchitisEmphysemaRefractory (non-reversible) asthmaSome forms of bronchiectasis   Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD and accounts for approximately 80% of all cases in the United States today. Breathing in other pollutants at home or in the workplace, respiratory infections and even genetic factors can also play a part in developing COPD, but by and large, it is a cigarette smokers disease. Secondhand smoke can also be a significant contributor to COPD, even if the person breathing it in has never smoked. Statistics Lets take a look at some of the statistics associated with this common group of diseases. In 2012, approximately 3 million people lost their lives to COPD around the world.  That number represents 6% of all deaths globally for that year.COPD is the third leading cause of death in the U.S, beaten only by cancer (2nd leading cause) and heart disease (leading cause).  Globally, it is the 5th leading cause of death.Estimates  are that by the year 2030, COPD will rise to the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide unless urgent action isnt taken to reduce tobacco use.Upwards of 24 million people suffer from some form of COPD currently in America, but only about half that number have been diagnosed.  Many people with breathing problems dont realize they are the result of COPD.Approximately 65 million people worldwide have moderate to severe COPD, according to the World Health Organization.More than 90% of COPD-related deaths occur in low and middle-income countries.COPD is more common in American women (6.7%) than men (5.2)  today.Female smokers are 13 times more likely to die of COPD than women who have never smoked. For men, the risk is 12 times that of their non-smoking male counterparts.Women are diagnosed  with chronic bronchitis at approximately twice the rate of men.  In 2011,  6.8 million women had chronic bronchitis compared to 3.3 million men in the same time period.Emphysema used to primarily affect men, but not any longer.  Women outrank men here as well currently, with 2.6 million cases of emphysema reported in 2011, compared to 2.1 million for men.Emphysema is usually slow to develop.  Of the 4.7 million cases ever reported, more than 90% of them were in people who were 45 years or older.In the United States, one in five hospitalizations of people over the age of 40 is due to COPD.  Over 800,000 hospitalizations each year in the U.S. are related to COPD.Both Alabama and Kentucky have COPD prevalence rates that are over 9%.It is estimated that 90% of people with COPD are current or former smokers. The most common symptoms of COPD are feelings of breathlessness (like you cannot get enough air), a chronic cough, and abnormal sputum/mucus in the airways.  If you are concerned that you might have COPD, please see your doctor right away. The unfortunate truth is that COPD is not curable.  It is possible to slow or stop the progression of the disease if it is diagnosed early, however, and proactive measures are taken to halt exposure to the irritants causing the problem. Quit Smoking Today Make the commitment to put smoking behind you for good.  The work it takes to quit is minor when compared to the benefits that will come into your life once youre free of nicotine addiction.

Chinese Vocabulary Restaurant Dining

Chinese food is popular world-wide, but nothing beats the real deal. If you travel to China or Taiwan, you will undoubtedly want to sample the fabulous cuisine. There is a range of Michelin star restaurants like Ryugin Taipei  in Taipei or Tang Court in Shanghai. Of course, there are also more affordable but equally as delicious restaurants, eating halls, and food stalls that are scattered throughout.   This list of restaurant dining vocabulary will help you communicate with waiting staff so you can express any dietary preferences. That way you can order a dish that you will enjoy! Or do you need another pair of chopsticks or an extra napkin? You can ask for these items after learning these new words. Click on the link in the Pinyin column to hear the audio file. General Terms English Pinyin Traditional Simplified restaurant cÄ n tÄ «ng é ¤ Ã¥ » ³ é ¤ Ã¥Å½â€¦ waiter / waitress fà º wà ¹ yuà ¡n æÅ" Ã¥â€¹â„¢Ã¥â€˜Ëœ æÅ" Ã¥Å  ¡Ã¥â€˜Ëœ menu cà  i dÄ n è Å"Ã¥â€" ® è Å"Ã¥ â€¢ beverage yÇ n lià  o é £ ²Ã¦â€"â„¢ é ¥ ®Ã¦â€"â„¢ get the check mÇŽi dÄ n è ² ·Ã¥â€" ® ä ¹ °Ã¥ â€¢ Utensils   English Pinyin Traditional Simplified spoon tÄ ng chà ­ æ ¹ ¯Ã¥Å'â„¢ æ ± ¤Ã¥Å'â„¢ fork chÄ  zi Ã¥ â€°Ã¥ ­  " knife dÄ o zi 刀å ­  " chopsticks kuà  i zi ç ­ ·Ã¥ ­  " napkin cÄ n jÄ «n é ¤ Ã¥ · ¾ " glass / cup bÄ“i zi æ  ¯Ã¥ ­  " bowl wÇŽn ç ¢â€" " plate pà ¡n zi ç› ¤Ã¥ ­  盘å ­  Dietary Restrictions English Pinyin Traditional Simplified I am vegetarian. WÇ’ chÄ « sà ¹. 我å Æ'ç ´  Ã¯ ½ ¡ " I cannot eat†¦ WÇ’ bà ¹nà ©ng chÄ « †¦ 我ä ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã¥ Æ'†¦ " Food Items and Ingredients English Pinyin Traditional Simplified salt yà ¡n é ¹ ½ ç›  MSG wà ¨i jÄ «ng å‘ ³Ã§ ² ¾ " pork zhÃ… « rà ²u è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€° çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€° spicy food là   è ¾ £ " sugar tà ¡ng ç ³â€" " Here is some more vocabulary for Chinese food. Sentence Examples   Now that you have learned these new Mandarin vocabulary words, lets put them together. Here are a few sentences you may often hear in a restaurant. You can try saying them yourself or use create your own sentences. Fà ºwà ¹yuà ¡n, wÇ’ kÄ›yÇ  zà  i nà ¡ yÄ «shuÄ ng kuà  izi ma?æÅ" Ã¥â€¹â„¢Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥â€  Ã¦â€¹ ¿Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã©â€ºâ„¢Ã§ ­ ·Ã¥ ­ Ã¥â€"ŽæÅ" Ã¥Å  ¡Ã¥â€˜ËœÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥â€  Ã¦â€¹ ¿Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å'ç ­ ·Ã¥ ­ Ã¥ â€"Waiter, can I get another pair of chopsticks? WÇ’ bà ¹yà  o wà ¨ijÄ «ng。我ä ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥â€˜ ³Ã§ ² ¾Ã£â‚¬â€šI dont want MSG. WÇ’ hÄ›n xÇ huan chÄ « zhÃ… «rà ²u!我å ¾Ë†Ã¥â€"Å"æ ­ ¡Ã¥ Æ'è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€°!我å ¾Ë†Ã¥â€"Å"æ ¬ ¢Ã¥ Æ'çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€°!I really like to eat pork!

Commonly Confused Words Seam and Seem

The words seam and seem are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The noun seam refers to a line formed by sewing together two pieces of material, or to any line or mark like this. The noun seam may also refer to a thin layer of coal, ore, etc. As a verb, seam means to join together to form a seam. The verb seem means to appear or to give the impression of being something. Examples If you can sew a straight seam on a sewing machine, you can make a quilt in just a day or two.The shoulder seams of the mans blue waffle-weave jacket were visibly straining; around the brace was tied a necktie, which reached only a third of the way down his chest.(Gish Jen, Birthmates. Ploughshares, 1995)Historical research is often rather like mining: the researcher finds a rich seam of ore and keeps digging until the lode is exhausted.(John Tully, Silvertown. NYU Press, 2014)After the attack, the battleship seemed to be spouting flames at every seam.Once she had pampered her students, singing them songs, letting them call her at home even, and ask personal questions. but now she was losing sympathy. They were beginning to seem different. They were beginning to seem demanding and spoiled.(Lorrie Moore, Youre Ugly, Too. The New Yorker, 1990)The street looks tremendous. People on the far side seem tiny and archaic, dwarfed by the great sky and the windy clouds like pedestrians in old prints.(Walker Percy, The Moviegoer, 1961) Idiom Alerts Bursting at the SeamsThe expression bursting at the seams means very full or crowded.- His long hair hung like rags in the heat; his clothes were much washed and faded to pastel colors. His suitcase, a canvas affair, repeated his worn appearance and was bursting at the seams.(Paul Theroux, The Great Railway Bazaar. Houghton Mifflin, 1975)- The house burst at the seams, and hilarious pandemonium reigned. Chinese Lady, Emily and Tommy, up at six in the morning, had spent until ten oclock preparing the wedding breakfast for fifty and more people.(Mary Jane Staples, Down Lambeth Way. Corgi, 1988)Coming Apart at the SeamsThe idiom to come (or fall) apart at the seams means to be weak or in poor condition and close to the point of collapse.- Looking around me in the months after my return from New York, I saw a city falling apart at the seams, torn by political strife and civil unrest, a city eaten alive by greed and envy.(Rupert Smith, I Must Confess. Cleis Press, 2007)- Lepski hung up. H e walked, heavy footed, out to his car and headed back to headquarters. He felt as if his ambitious little world had come apart at the seams.(James Hadley Chase, You Must Be Kidding. Robert Hale, 1979) Practice (a) Conflict and anger are often not about what they _____ to be about on the surface.(b) Marcie took out a penknife and ripped open the _____ of her jacket.(c) Uncle Willie didnt _____ to notice that Mr. Taylor was oblivious to everything he said.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) Answers to Practice Exercises: Seam and Seem (a) Conflict and anger are often not about what they seem to be about on the surface.(b) Marcie took out a penknife and ripped open the seam of her jacket.(c) Uncle Willie didnt seem to notice that Mr. Taylor was oblivious to everything he said.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)

Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people Free Essays

string(53) " If alcoholics stopped drinking they do seem to die\." Young people are also more likely to start mocking If their friends or family are smokers. The present study Is a quantitative research with young adult smokers (at the xx Learning Centre) based on focus group discussions where a range of smoking-related topics were covered. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sample The sample in this study included 6 males and 4 females, aged between 13 and 17 years, 7 smokers and 2 non-smokers. Of this group of adolescents only 2 parents are non-smokers. My aim was to maximize variation in our sample to include young men and women, smokers and non-smokers, and different age categories. My discourse analytic perspective here concentrates on talk between speakers and allows me to highlight how meanings around smoking and health are worked up. Debated and disputed in the group. Informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the Focus group interview (Appendix A and B). The focus group took place in the â€Å"Unanimous† Learning Centre. For anonymity reasons the name of the participants have been changed. 3. Procedure In this study we used two focus groups of five participants each. Focus groups mimic ‘natural’ peer groups, so that the data will likely be authentic, rich and Informative. Focus groups have long been used In social science research, Including psychology (Crossly, 2000; Wilkinson, 2003), and can be particularly useful in identifying both diverse individual accounts and prevailing social factors which influence and constrain actions. In the context of young people and smoking, focus group research allows us to gain access to the multiplicity of perspectives presented and will also illuminate how accounts are constructed and negotiated within peer groups. Participants were given a number of prompts about their views on smoking, such as Please tell me why you believe you started smoking’ and ‘Please tell me what role you believe smoking/not smoking plays in your life’. Participants were encouraged to discuss these views among themselves, with minimal input from the facilitator. The discussion, which lasted around forty minute for each group, was recorded and then transcribed verbatim. 4. Analysis Health was generally not cited as a major concern for our young people, and was not participants seemed much more concerned with the financial burden engendered by smoking. When the topic of health risks was brought up, there was a general tendency o downplay or discount these. Moreover, it was claimed that smoking could function effectively as a form of stress relief, even when the stress is engendered by exposure to smoking-related health scares, either in the media or within families. The two discursive patterns are formulated as follows: ‘ Everything is bad for you now: Contesting smoking-related health risks ‘It does make you feel better’: Smoking as stress-relief 4. 1 . ‘Everything is bad for you now: Contesting smoking-related health risks Contesting smoking-related health risks arioso strategies were deployed which endured the health risks linked to smoking as exaggerated, a ploy which clearly works to rationalist and uphold current smoking – a way of misusing the self from the specter of illness and mortality. For example, other mundane practices are cited which involve risk, and life itself is presented as saturated with risk: Nicola – Mimi like to think yourself that you’re not going to get cancer, I mean, they’re saying that cancer is caused by all these different things 0 1 mean who’s to say that smoking is definitely the worst one? † In this excerpt there is some recognition of risk but then other organogenesis are alluded to and the dedicated link between smoking and cancer is undermined (Whoso to say? ). Thus, smoking is construed as nothing special, Just one of any number of possible causes of cancer (so many things’), and therefore not worthy of disproportionate attention. E. Generalizes the notion of risk – ‘everything is bad for you now – so that living per SE becomes inured with risk, something that affects ‘everyone’. Note the extreme case formulations which litter this extract: ‘ all these different things’; ‘So, smoking is part of life and is practiced with care. Facilitator: So, are health concerns an issue? Simon: Well, yeah. Not really, I suppose, because sometimes you feel like crap because your lungs are hurting, because you’ve been caning it all weekend, but you think, well you might give up smoking, give up drinking, give up anything – and then get knocked down by a bus, but 0 if you’re going to stop everything that you enjoy, well what’s the point of living forever? You know what I mean? Aaron: But don’t you, sometimes you Just think Well, what’s the point of it? You’re Just breathing in horrible smoke into your body Simon: It’s like what’s the point of drinking? It’s fun! The health risks of smoking are conceded, with reference to current, minor symptoms. However, smoking is likened to other pleasurable activities (e. G. ‘drinking’) and anything/’everything you enjoy so that living is defined in terms of enjoyment over risk, the emphasis is on fun’ and not denying oneself gratification – even if it means a shorter life-span or inhaling ‘horrible smoke’. Bob: A guy, a guy I went to school with was cross country champion for our county, and he used to smoke like twenty a day [laughs] He used to smoke loads of weed and that, and he used to run for ages [laughs] (. You see someone like that, it’s Just like, whoa! So, citing cases, where smoking has not impeded sporting performance, undermines claims about the deleterious health consequences of smoking and helps Justify continued smoking. The case of the cross-country champion cited by Bob is also interesting because impressive, and further contesting the connection between smoking and not being healthy. Lucas I knew somebody who used to smoke ten a day when they were about eighty-odd and have a glass of brandy every day 0 and when they got put in a nursing home they took it all off her and within weeks she were dead. Tara: It’s like alcoholics, isn’t it? If alcoholics stopped drinking they do seem to die. You read "Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people" in category "Papers" In this extract, the dangers of stopping smoking are emphasizes, thereby inverting the ‘normalizing about taking up or continuing smoking. Facilitator: What are the health worries you might have about smoking? Bob: Cancer David: None, ‘coos I know a guy that lived until he was 23 and Just dropped dead. He didn’t smoke and didn’t drink. You know, the way I see it, you only live once – you might as well do it, haven’t you. Here Bobby’s immediate response concerning health fears is not taken up as the others proceed to reject this pre-occupation. David immediately invokes the case of a non-smoker who died suddenly as a means of challenging the link between smoking and ill-health. The randomness of life then becomes a key theme, which again works to rationalist current smoking. As one participant put it: ‘it Just shows that you’re having a good time, you know, drinking and having a cigarette, and it Just kind of ties in together’ (Kate). Here, smoking (and drinking) is inextricably tied to enjoyment, an automatic indicator of ‘good times’. 4. 2. ‘It does make you feel better’: Smoking as stress-relief A very predominant theme cross all discussions was the benefits of smoking in terms of stress relief, arising from various sources: Tara: It does make you feel better when you’ve been sat there and you’ve Just been in class, and you Just think ‘Oh, I’m going to go for a bag, and you go down and you have it, it does give you some kind of buzz, because it does definitely chill you out a bit, doesn’t it. Rachel: It gives me a couple of minutes and just chills me out, like if something that had upset me, like my family, Vie been thrown out of my house and that’s the reason why I started smoking a lot more because of more stress and stuff. I do think that having a cigarette makes me relax a bit. Tara: At the moment I don’t want to [stop smoking] because I do see smoking as helping me chill out a bit – I mean, if I didn’t I’d be a tiger! Rachel: Vie actually been told by my doctor not to stop smoking – he says its got anger management, it calms me down. Both participants point to the grim consequences of not smoking I. E. Uncontaminated irritability. Earache’s claim is warranted with reference to an authoritative source (a medic), which is culturally garnished with expertise. Rachel: Yes, that’s the reason I first started smoking again, because I’d stopped smoking for so Eng and my dad gave up smoking, and my dad’s been smoking since he was twelve, and he stopped for six month and then he had a heart attack. You would expect that to make me think ‘Right, need to stop smoking, or whatever, but straight away I went ‘Mum, give us a bag, because I honestly didn’t know what to do and I needed something to concentrate on – it gives you something to think about other than what’s going on around you. In summary, smoking is popularly constructed as a positive resource in times of stress, whether provoked by , arguments with friends and family, school, and paradoxically , exposure to smoking-related disease within families. 5. Conclusions smokers since, from the focus groups shows that smoking is understood as a rational choice (rather than, say, addiction) conferring benefits (stress relief, enjoyment). This finding is in line with other research on ‘alternative rationalities’ (Crossly, 2000) with adult smokers. However we should take in consideration that the qualitative research literature on smoking deploys a range of methods while in this study we analyze the young people smoking practices within a social (focus group) context. Smoking is explicitly linked to pleasure and relaxation (often tied to drinking contexts – see also Johnson et al. , 2000). Our participants also link other lifestyle practices to risk and they see life itself as a risk where preoccupation with smoking-related or any other problems is deemed excessive and paralyzing. To some extent, it is fair to say that our sample construed risky smoking as necessary to cope with their family/friends/ environment pressure. Overall our analysis points to the various ways in which the young smokers skillfully deflect the concerns of a health-conscious culture. It gaslights how, in a period of increasing pressure on smokers to quit, the young people in our focus group have created a series of complex and creative accounts to defend and preserve what is clearly perceived as an important social practice. Surely our young smokers are expressing ‘unrealistic optimism’ (Weinstein, 1984), that is ‘inaccurate’ perceptions of risk and susceptibility in relation to smoking and illness. For example some participants claimed that major health problems have not yet appeared (e. G. Current health is emphasizes) and that illness can be avoided by individual action (I. E. Tinting smoking in the near future). By contrast, psychosocial research, which conceptualizes smokers’ talk, helps us to appreciate how smoking is rationalized within relevant social groups (in this case young adults in educational settings), as well as highlighting the creativity and sophistication of lay accounts. In turn, attention to the grounded disc ourse of smokers may well help inform more effective health promotion interventions (Crossly, 2000). To build on the current analysis, future work could include ‘street’ interviews with young smokers in the public places where smoking is popularly practiced (e. Designated smoking areas at university, in pubs). This ‘live’ context might prove especially illuminating in terms of the discourses reproduced with respect to how smoking is defended while people are engaged in the act of smoking. As well, it would be informative to examine patterns of naturally occurring conversation between young adult smokers where they gather. Such research would complement our focus group study by determining when and how health is introduced as a concern by younger people themselves and examining how such concerns are negotiated. How to cite Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people, Papers

Review Case free essay sample

Review the data-flow diagrams you developed for questions in the Petrie’s Electronics case at the end of Chapter 6 (or diagrams given to you by your instructor). Study the data flows and data stored on these diagrams and decide whether you agree with the team’s conclusion that the only six entity types needed are listed in the case and in PE Figure 7-1. If you disagree, define additional entity types, explain why they are necessary, and modify PE Figure 7-1 accordingly.Answer will vary. Any additional entities should be properly modeled in an E-R diagram similar to Figure 7-1. 2. Again, review the DFDs you developed for the Petrie’s Electronics case (or those given to you by your instructor). Use these DFDs to identify the attributes of each of the six entities listed in this case plus any additional entities identified in your answer to Question 1. Write an unambiguous definition for each attribute. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, redraw PE Figure 7-1 by placing the six (and additional) entities in this case on the diagram along with their associated attributes. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 3. Using your answer to Question 2, designate which attribute or attributes form the identifier for each entity type. Explain why you chose each identifier. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 4. Using your answer to Question 3, draw the relationships between entity types needed by the system.Remember, a relationship is needed only if the system wants data about associated entity instances. Give a meaningful name to each relationship. Specify cardinalities for each relationship and explain how you decided on each minimum and maximum cardinality at each end of each relationship. State any assumptions you made if the Petrie’s Electronics cases you have read so far and the answers to questions in these cases do not provide the evidence to justify the cardinalities you choose.Redraw your final E-R diagram in Microsoft Visio. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 5. Now that you have developed in your answer to Question 4 a complete E-R diagram for the Petrie’s Electronics database, what are the consequences of not having an employee entity type in this diagram? Assuming only the attributes you show on the E-R diagram, would any attribute be moved from the entity it is currently associated with to an employee entity type if it were in the diagram? Why or why not?Not having an employee entity in the diagram means that employee activity while interacting with the system cannot be tracke d. 7. What date-related attributes did you identify in each of the entity types in your answer to Question 4? Why are each of these needed? Can you make some observations about why date attributes must be kept in a database, based on your analysis of this database? Date objects are needed anytime the date or time of the creation or update of the object are needed (especially in recording transactions and the like).

Reflective Statement The WritePass Journal

Reflective Statement Introduction Reflective Statement IntroductionIndividual Contribution Working with Others and Resolving Conflicts Individual Improvement for the Future  ReferencesRelated Introduction This project involved creating a strategic report covering all aspects of the operation of the Walt Disney Group. The report entailed drawing on a relatively broad analysis of the workings of the Walt Disney Group, with each member of the team contributing certain parts of the report, before then coming together to undertake an overall analysis. This reflective statement looks at how I personally worked within the team and any areas that I feel I could improve upon, in the future. The reflective statement will also describe the way in which I worked within the team to assist others and how we dealt with any conflicts which occurred, during the length of the project. Individual Contribution I was personally responsible for specific aspects of the actual research and for writing up the project. At the outset, we sat down with the team to allocate certain areas of work, with a view to meeting regularly to combine our findings and to ensure that the report, as a whole, read as if it were one voice. As the project involved some form of strategic analysis, I was particularly concerned that if each individual simply worked on their own section, it would not come together as a sensible whole (Forsyth, 2009). I personally felt that I took the lead, when it came to communicating amongst the team and also when ensuring that we met up regularly to discuss progress. I myself as one of the other team members took the lead in arranging these meetings. Whilst this was successful, initially, we soon found that other members of the team were not responding to the suggestion of meetings and were not sending their own work in good time, thus creating difficulties amongst the team and also making it harder for me as an individual to complete my element of the project (Boud Walker 1993) If I were to undertake the project again, I would ensure that, from the outset, much greater emphasis was placed on setting out the full scope of each individual’s work assignment, as it quickly became apparent that each individual within the team was relying on others to undertake their part of the report. Therefore, when one individual was failing to keep pace with the rest of the team, this created a much greater problem than simply one person not â€Å"pulling their weight†. As a relatively strong individual, I would personally put myself forward as more of a co-ordinator, at the outset, to ensure that this lack of cohesion did not happen in future (Jarboe Witteman, 1996). When we encountered difficulties at the end of the project, with one individual not being available in the few days prior to the deadline, I took on another section of the writing in order to ensure that we were then able to meet the deadline, something which put me under increased personal pressure. Based on the problems that we were having, at that point in time, it was the only reasonable solution available; however, better team management, at an earlier stage when it became apparent that some individuals were not going to make the deadline would have prevented such a high level of personal pressure and this additional workload could then have been spread more evenly. Working with Others and Resolving Conflicts As noted above, it became apparent, as the project progressed, that there were certain key individuals within the team who were becoming increasingly unresponsive to setting up meeting times and were not presenting their work when requested. This could have put the entire project in jeopardy and was exacerbated when one individual was not available at all, in the few days prior to the deadline. The fact that some of the key individuals were not responding to requests for meetings or submitting their work on-time became apparent midway through the project. Yet, action was not positively taken by myself and the other organising team members who were still responding until just a few days before the deadline (Coleman, 2011). Effectively, our approach to dealing with this matter was to ignore it and simply continue with our own activities, something which potentially jeopardised the project in its entirety. With a project of this nature, merely ignoring conflict was not an option. Furthermore, although regular negotiations were attempted by suggesting meeting times, communication between team members had already broken down.   In reality, this conflict could have been resolved, at the outset, before any difficulties emerged, by setting out a team leader who was going to be responsible for keeping everybody on track and ensuring that the meetings took place as arranged. As soon as it became apparent that the timeframe for the project was not being kept, the appointed team leader could then have taken a more aggressive stance to ensure that such failings did not jeopardise the overall project. It was arguably this failure that was instrumental in creating a last-minute panic and rush. Individual Improvement for the Future Bearing all of this in mind, I feel that my own areas for improvement, in the future would be to take a much more active stance, in terms of project management, from the outset (Schon 1996). I would also ensure that all team members complied with the timeframes set out. I became personally aware that there were difficulties with communication and timeframe, at a relatively early stage, yet I largely chose to ignore this in the hope that matters would improve of their own accord. This approach led to me personally being put under considerable pressure, towards the end of the project and, as such, my own individual performance was not as good as it could have been, particularly with the last section of the project being rushed, over a period of 2 to 3 days. I therefore feel that I could have improved my own personal performance by taking a much more active role in project management. This would enable me to ensure that each individual was working within the timeframe and I was not requ ired to rush during the last few days of the project, potentially sacrificing the quality of the work.   References   Boud D Walker D (1993) Barriers to Reflection on Experience. In Boud D,. Cohen R Walker D. Using Experience for Learning. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education Open University Press. Coleman, P (2011).  The Five Percent: Finding Solutions to Seemingly Impossible Conflicts. Public Affairs. New York, p.26 Forsyth, D. R. (2009).  Group dynamics  (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Jarboe, S. C., Witteman, H. R. (1996). Intragroup conflict management in task-oriented groups: The influence of problem sources and problem analysis.  Small Group Research, 27, 316–338. Schon D. (1996). From Technical Rationality to Reflection in Action, In: Edwards, R., Hanson, A., and P Raggatt (eds) Boundaries of Adult Learning, London, Routledge.

A Complete Guide to College Graduation Announcements

A Complete Guide to College Graduation Announcements College graduation announcements can seem so simple  but also be so complicated. And, of course, while youre trying to figure out the ins-and-outs of the announcements, you still have to focus on finishing your classes and planning for life after college. Use this guide to help you through the planning, organizing, and sending of graduation announcements. The Logistics Coordinating the logistics behind announcements can be a serious pain in the brain. With a little help, however, it can also be taken care of with a few quick steps. The Why: 8 Reasons to Send Graduation AnnouncementsThe Who: To Whom Should I Send My Graduation Announcements?The Where and How: Where to Get Graduation AnnouncementsThe When: When to Mail Your Graduation Announcements The What: The Announcements Themselves Wording announcements can seem so easy. That is,  of course, until you actually sit down and try to write them. To get you started, below are a variety of announcement styles you can use or change a bit to create your own, personalized graduation announcement. No matter which type of announcement you send, the following information is vital: Your nameThe college or universityThe degree you earned (e.g., B.A. in Political Science)The commencement ceremony (or party) date and timeThe location of the ceremony or party Do you really have to invite people? Unlike high school graduation, not everyone is going to attend the commencement ceremony or expect a party. It is very common for college graduates to skip the date and location information and use their announcements as, just that, an announcement of your achievement. Announcements with Formal, Traditional Language Traditionally, a college graduation announcement uses formal language such as The President, Faculty, and Graduating Class... in the opening lines before giving the details in equally formal terms. Spelling out the dates and avoiding abbreviations for degrees are just some of the features youll find in formal announcements. If you would like to stick with tradition, here are two examples to explore: Formal Announcement Sample #1Formal Announcement Sample #2 Casual and Informal Announcements Maybe youre more of a casual graduate who wants to drop all formality and enjoy the celebration. If so, there are endless ways to begin your announcement and you can have as much fun as you like. Here are a few examples and dont forget to include the details. Education, Dedication, Jubilation, Graduation!Call the neighbors around, Raise a glass of Chablis,[Tasha] has earned [her] college degree![Shes] Graduating! Announcements Mentioning Family or Friends Yet another approach to the announcement is to include the support of your family and friends. This is a nice way for the people who care about you most and helped you through school to acknowledge how proud they are of you. Friends/Family Announcement Sample #1Friends/Family Announcement Sample #2 Announcements with a Religious Theme Whether you are graduating from a faith-based college or simply hope to acknowledge how your faith helped you in this great achievement, adding an inspirational verse is a great idea. It also doesnt matter which religion you follow, theres inspiration in all of them. Look for a verse or inscription that pertains to learning and knowledge and quote this at the top of your announcement. Again, dont forget the details! Religious  Announcement Sample

Mischeif and miscarriage in the criminal justice process Assignment

Mischeif and miscarriage in the criminal justice process - Assignment Example 397). Nevertheless, the advancement in the legal practice and in the administration of public affairs makes it possible to have criminals released from confinement allowed the freedom to participate in their social and economic lives without much deterrence. Such a process is sustainable on the basis that such persons are given corrective services while in their homes or with the society (Cohen 2002; p. 41)1. Prisons have served as a useful institution of isolation of criminals. It is however useful to have criminals effectively observed because they are in a different state of social cognition characterized by many altered feelings about social order, governance and public life. Prisons have ceased to deliver their corrective capacity as a result of the challenges in the economy today and therefore better methods should be gradually tested and ratified that will ensure more of the criminals are free in the society and are engaged into more meaningful work. Supervision in the community will offer the best option for correction due to the fact that there are technologies to monitor or aid the monitoring of criminals and that may assist in their correction. The community approach will also create an environment for the other civilian to be familiar with the restrictions that are attached to criminal activity and hence facilitate psychological adjustment and abhorrence for crime. The condition that crime must be established beyond and reasonable doubt in a litigation process is a very high bar to attain in many litigation processes. Due to these high standards, it is meaningful that the program is obtained that will manage the loopholes for which many criminal have evaded justice through the criminal justice system (Ramsey, Latessa, & Travis 2003; p. 3). Suffice it to mention therefore, governments should seek to collaborate widely with many institutions in the process of administering justice. In the United States, the Megan’s law was

Risk Of Malathion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Of Malathion - Essay Example Nevertheless if medication is dispensed hurriedly Malathion has no long-standing disturbances; whilst low level revelation has few or even no health troubles. In view of the fact that Malathion appears to be an insecticide it requires to be scattered during early evening to trim down the harm causes for the animals, as well as for the other insects. Malathion exists as a chemical broadly used to act toward mosquito invasions. Even as being valuable in manipulating mosquitoes, there are countless dangers to think about when employing this chemical. As said by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATDSR), revelation to malathion by means of the air, food, and water could possibly cause several difficulties like how the brain as well as the nervous system functions. In examination, it shows that exceedingly high doses of malathion could cut organ operations (Wilson, 2003). If an individual whom has unintentionally or deliberately gulped down malathion, he/she should dig up for treatment hurriedly. Even as there has been no evidence that malathion instigates cancer, examinations have found amplified occurrences of some cancers in human beings who are frequently exposed to malathion they are farmers as well as the chemical applicators. Dose-response. The EPA made a list of the careful amounts of the Malathion insecticide would strictly be 0.1 milligrams of Malathion for each liter of drinking water, 0.1 to 135 PPM intended for specific varieties of food, as well 15 milligrams for each meter of work section by an 8 hour operation day designed for a 40 hour labor week. Exposures towards a degree fewer than these quantities might possibly be a reason for skin irritation, infuriate asthmatic patients, or function as a lung irritant. However, in giving out high dosages of Malathion could surely cause complexity in breathing, tightness of chest, etc., and possibly death (EPA, p 149). Exposure. The risk of giving out the Malathion insecticide for mosquito management in the core of the municipality at the low down concentrations connecting with mosquito spraying should be kept to a smallest amount by giving sufficient announcements to the community also by spraying for the mosquitoes at early evening. Even if malathion stops working in a count of hours, it could collapse into more lethal composites than malathion itself. Once exposed to sunlight it could bring about a chemical reaction, which consecutively increases the arrangement of trimethyl contaminations, which appears to be highly-poisonous. An individual who is exposed towards high doses of Malathion is as well at a higher danger than those who is exposed towards lower doses. An investigation in Florida illustrates the consequences of low-doses of malathion on unborn kids. Children who were born to pregnant ladies that were exposed towards this chemical enclose higher degrees of learning disabilities (United States. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993). Malathion Not as Safe as Believed - 5 Die - 2,800 Poisoned.SOURCE: Archives in Toxicology, 42:95-106, 1979. The following fact is derived from the document from the Bureau of Tropical Diseases, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia called "The Toxicological Properties of Impurities in

Standardization of Anti-diabetic Poly Herbal Formulation

Standardization of Anti-diabetic Poly Herbal Formulation 1. Introduction Now-a-days most of developed as well as developing countries use Ayurvedic medicines then they uses it in past. They avoid use of allopathic drugs because of high risk of adverse effects. So, for the sake of community it is important to standardize the dosage form available in market. Standardization of formulation is evidence that the formulation contains constituents which it says to be contained. In present work formulation containing Gymnemic acid and Resveratrol has been studied. This formulation is anti-diabetic. Gymnemic Acid (GYM) is major constituent isolated from leaves of plant Gymnema Sylvester belonging to family Asclepiadacea. (1) Plant has a property of masking the sugar test so it is known as â€Å"GURMAR†. Gymnemic acid is a triterpenoid saponin found in the leaves of Gymnema Sylvester. (2) Many studies have shown that oral administration of Gymnema extract reduces serum glucose level and improves glucose tolerance in mildly diabetic rats. (3) Administration of water extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves was found to increase serum insulin level suggesting its insulin releasing effect. (4) Number of beta cells within pancreatic tissue were increased which suggests a restorative effect of the Gymnema extract on pancreatic tissue. (5) So, from above it is now known that Gymnemic acid has the ability to decrease blood glucose level in diabetic patient which ultimately relives Diabetes. Resveratrol (RES) (3,4†²,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is polyphenolic constituent isolated from plant Polygonum Cuspidatum belonging to family Polygnaceae. (6) It has been reported that Resveratrol has a variety of biological and pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, anticarcinogenic effects, modulation of lipid metabolism and cardioprotection. (7) In pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cells, insulin secretion is linked to the oscillations in membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and metabolism. The variations in the ATP/ADP ratio control the conductance of ATP-dependent K+ channels leading to depolarization and periodic influx of Ca2+. The resultant membrane depolarization activates voltage dependent L-type Ca2+ channels and triggers intracellular Ca2+ release, elevating intracellular Ca2+ both in the cytosolic compartment and within the mitochondria, and thereby initiating insulin secretion. (8) From the survey of various literatures it is found that Gymnemic acid has been estimated by various analytical techniques like HPTLC, HPLC Gravimetery. (9) While Resveratrol had been estimated by HPLC and spectrometric techniques. (10) Not a single method is reported for the estimation of both constituents simultaneously. Present work has been focused on estimation of both constituents simultaneously. Here estimation of both constituents was done by UV-Visible spectrometry and HPTLC. For estimation of both constituents simultaneously UV-visible Spectrophotometric and HPTLC methods were developed and validated. Figure 1: Gymnemic acid Table 1: Gymnemic acid Group Figure 2: Resveratrol 2. Experimental Chemical Reagents Gymnemic acid relative Standard was extracted from the formulation. This relative standard was compared with standard obtained from Clearsynth TM Private Ltd (Andheri (w), Mumbai, India) . Then the prepared relative standard was used for methods. Same way, Resveratrol was extracted from formulation and then compared with standard Sigma-Aldrich constituent. Marketed formulation here used was Resveratrol plus (with Gymnemic acid) {Zenith Nutrition’s} containing 100mg Resveratrol and 500 mg Gymnemic acid per 2 capsules. All reagents for UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and HPTLC are Methanol, Chloroform, Ethanol, Glacial Acetic Acid, water and Benzoyl Chloride. Methanol, Chloroform and Ethanol used were analytical grade purchased from merk solutions. Triple distill water was made in laboratory by distillation assembly. Benzoyl Chloride was purchased from SD fines Chemicals. Instruments UV-Visible Spectrophotometric was developed on a Shimadzu UV-Vis double beam spectrophotometer, model 2400 PC series, with spectral width of 1 nm, wavelength accuracy of 0.5nm and a pair of 10 mm matched quartz cells (Shimadzu , Japan). The HPTLC instrumentation consisted of a Linomat V sample applicator with 100  µL Hamilton syringe and a TLC III scanner controlled by WinCATS software (Camag, Muttenz, Switzerland) Merck TLC plates coated with 60F254 silica gel on aluminum sheets were used as stationary phase. The plates were developed in a Camag 10 x 10 cm twin through chamber that was previously saturated for 20 minutes with mobile phase. Spectrometric Conditions GYM didn’t contain chromophore in structure so it has to be derivatized for UV-Visible detection. Benzoyl Chloride was used as derivatizing agent. The solutions of GYM RES were scanned in the spectrum mode from 200 to 400 nm, and from that 303nm for Gymnemic acid determination, 318.4 nm for Resveratrol determination and 349 nm for isoabsorptive point for Q ratio method were selected for simultaneous estimation. Chromatography Condition The solutions were spotted in the form of hands of 5 mm width on pre-coated silica gel 60F254 aluminum plates using a Camag 100  µL sample applicator syringe. They were activated at 110 oC in an oven for 20 minutes before sample application. A constant application rate 0.1 µL/s was applied and bandwidth was 9 mm between two bands. Spotted plates were developed in twin through chamber which is previously saturated for 20 minutes with mobile phase containing Chloroform: Methanol: Glacial acetic acid (13: 4: 0.5 %). The plates were developed for 8 cm run length. The plates were dried by hair dryer and then post derivatization done by dipping plates in Vanillin-Sulphuric acid solution. Then it is heated in hot air oven at 105oC for 5 minutes. Then plates were scanned at 575nm in TLC III scanner. Preparation of solutions Preparation of Standard solution for UV Resveratrol relative standard 10 mg was accurately weighed which is transferred to 10 ml clean volumetric flask. This much quantity was dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol to produce 1000 µg/ ml standard stock solution. From standard stock solution 1 ml is transferred to another 10 ml of volumetric flask and volume was made up with methanol to produce 100  µg/ ml working standard stock solution. Gymnemic acid relative standard 100 mg was accurately weighed which is transferred to 10 ml clean volumetric flask. This much quantity was dissolved in 10 ml of triple distill water to produce 10000  µg/ ml standard stock solution. From standard stock solution 1 ml was transferred to 10 ml volumetric flask diluted with methanol to produce 1000  µg/ ml working standard solution. Benzoyl chloride was diluted in ethanol first and then in methanol lastly to produce 125  µg/ ml solution which was used as derivatizing solution. Preparation of sample solution for UV 10 capsule’s shells were removed and powders from those capsules were mixed and from that weight equivalent to 10 mg Resveratrol and 50 mg Gymnemic acid was weighed accurately and transferred to 10 ml of volumetric flask volume made up with mixture of ethanol: water (1:1). From this solution 1 ml solution was taken diluted with mixture of ethanol: water (1:1).this solution is working sample solution further dilution done by the same mixture. Preparation of standard solution for HPTLC Resveratrol relative standard 20 mg and Gymnemic acid relative standard 100 mg was accurately weighed and transferred to two different 10 ml volumetric flask respectively in which weighed quantity was dissolved in 10 ml ethanol : water (1:1) mixture to produce RES 2000  µg/ ml and GYM 10000  µg/ ml standard stock solution. From these solution 5 ml solution was transferred to 10 ml volumetric flask diluted with ethanol: water (1:1) up to 10 ml to produce RES 1000  µg/ ml and GYM 5000  µg/ ml working standard stock solution. Preparation of sample solution for HPTLC 10 capsule’s shells were removed and powders from those capsules were mixed from that weight equivalent to 20 mg RES and 100 mg Gym was weighed. That much amount of powder was accurately transferred to 10 ml volumetric flask and dissolved in ethanol: water (1:1) mixture. From this solution 5 ml was taken and filtered with 0.45  µm filter sized syringe filter. This solution was then diluted with mixture of ethanol: water (1:1) up to 10 ml solution to produce RES 1000  µg/ ml equivalent and GYM 5000  µg/ ml equivalent. Assay method validation Preparation of calibration curve For UV-visible Spectrophotometric method individual solutions were prepared in methanol from working standard stock solution to produce 5-25  µg/ ml RES and 25- 125  µg/ ml GYM solution. Benzoyl chloride 10  µL was added to each solution. Then these solutions were analyzed in methanol at three different wavelengths at 303 nm, 318.4 nm and 349 nm. Calibration curve here made up was absorbance v/s concentration. For HPTLC method different aliquots of were taken from standard stock solution to make final concentration of RES 1000  µg/ ml and GYM 5000  µg/ ml in the same solution. Then different aliquots were spotted on activated TLC plate. The concentration of RES was varied between (5-25)  µg/ spot while for GYM it was (25-125)  µg/ spot. Then plate was developed in mobile phase and was developed to scan as mention above at 575 nm. Calibration curve here made was peak area v/s concentration of constituents. Accuracy (recovery) For UV-visible spectrophotometer solution of standard RES was added to previously analyzed sample solution at three different levels (80%, 100 % and 120%). Same procedure been followed to have a GYM accuracy by adding standard stock solution at three different levels (80%, 100 % and 120%). Amount of standard RES added was (8, 10 and 12  µg/ ml) to 10  µg/ ml sample solution. Amount of standard GYM added was (40, 50 and 60  µg/ ml) to 50  µg/ ml sample solution. For HPTLC known amount standard solution of RES (8, 10 12  µg/ ml) and GYM (40, 50 60  µg/ ml) added to previously analyzed sample solution having concentration of RES 10  µg/ spot and GYM 50  µg/ spot. Precision The intra-day and inter-day precision of proposed methods were determined by estimating corresponding responses three times on the same day and on three different days for three different concentrations. For UV-Visible spectroscopy RES concentrations were 8, 10 and 12  µg/ ml measured at wavelengths 318.4 nm and 349 nm.GYM concentrations were 45, 50 and 60  µg/ ml measured at wavelengths 303 nm and 349 nm. For HPTLC three different dilutions were made having both RES and GYM in those solutions ranging (RES 9, 10 and 12.5  µg/spot) and GYM (45, 50 and 62.5  µg/ spot). For repeatability in HPTLC, sample solution containing 10  µg/spot RES and 50  µg/ spot GYM was measured in terms of response. LOD LOQ The sensitivity of analytical method was evaluated by determining LOD and LOQ. They are measured by following equations: LOD: 3.3 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³/ S LOQ: 10 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  S Here, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³ is standard deviation of intercept and S is slope in linearity equation. Specificity For HPTLC spots were scanned for its purity with standard sample and checked whether they give a same response or not. This was done by spectral scanning in WinCats HPTLC. Robustness The robustness of methods was studied by analyzing the same samples of RES and GYM with deliberate change in parameters. The changes in responses were noted. For HPTLC, spots scanned at ( ± 2 nm) and mobile phase ratio change was performed. For UV-Visible method solutions were scanned at ( ± 2 nm). 3. Results and Discussions Simultaneous estimation of RES and GYM was difficult task because they are isolated from herbal source and they have RES: GYM ratio 1:5 in marketed formulations. System suitability parameters System suitability run for HPTLC was performed before each validation run. Five replicate spots were made. Parameters monitored were Rf value and Peak areas of them. (Table 2) Table 2: System suitability Parameters HPTLC Optimization of Method For HPTLC Various experimental conditions such as the mobile phase and the wavelength of detection were optimized to achieve accurate, precise and reproducible results for the estimation of RES and GYM. Good resolution and sharp peaks with minimum tailing of these drugs (Rf RES 0.78, Rf GYM 0.236) was obtained by using mobile phase Chloroform: Methanol : Glacial acetic acid (13: 4 :0.5%) at wavelength of detection 575 nm. Figure 3 : optimized Chromatogram of HPTLC, RES (10  µg/spot) GYM ( 50  µg/spot) Figure 4: Wavelength selection for HPTLC of RES and GYM For UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Form overlain spectra (Figure 5) of methanolic solution of RES and GYM three wavelengths were finalized for analysis 303 nm, 318.4 nm and 349 nm. The method here used for simultaneous estimation is Q ratio method. Here both of constituents are measured at 349 nm isoabsorptive point and 303 nm and 318.4 nm GYM and RES respectively. Figure 5: wavelength selection after derivatization of GYM, BCL (Benzoyl Chloride) and RES Method validation of proposed methods Optimized methods were validated in compliance with ICH guidelines. The results of various parameters are discussed following: Linearity For UV Spectrophotometric method, linear correlation was obtained between absorbance and concentration for RES 5-25  µg/ ml at 318.4 nm 349 nm and GYM 25-125  µg/ ml 303 nm 349nm.( Table 3) For HPTLC method, linear correlations were obtained between peak area and concentration of RES was 5-25  µg/spot and GYM was 25- 125 µg/spot. (Table 4) Accuracy The percentage recovery values of RES and Gym were obtained in the range of 98% to 103 %, and relative standard deviation values for both constituents in two methods were less then 2%, it shows that methods are accurate for both constituents. Values are shown in table 3 and 4. Precision Inter-day and intra-day variation in quantification of RES and GYM showed that RSD values were always less than 2% during the analysis by both methods. These low RSD values show that methods are precise. Values of precision studies for UV spectrometry and HPTLC are in table 3 and 4 respectively. LOD and LOQ For UV-Visible spectrometry method LOD and LOQ for RES was found to be 0.09 µg/ml and 0.28 µg/ml respectively. LOD and LOQ for GYM were 0.63 µg/ml and 1.92 µg/ml respectively. For HPTLC method LOD and LOQ for RES were 0.065  µg/spot and 0.20  µg/ spot respectively. LOD and LOQ for GYM were 1.2  µg/spot and 3.87  µg/spot respectively. Specificity For HPTLC method, a good correlation was obtained between standard and sample spectra of RES and GYM correlation suggests that there in no interference in quantification of RES and GYM. Robustness Robustness of the methods was studied by performing assays of RES and GYM in capsule formulation. The parameters are deliberately altered and changes were recorded. Assay values were calculated in the changed parameters. Methods proved to be robust, because assay values in changed parameters were within limits. Assay of marketed formulation Assay of Resveratrol plus from ZENITH nutrition was performed in both the methods. Results of assay were compared with corresponding amounts claimed on capsule. The assay results are shown in table 3 4. Table 3: UV-Visible method Validation parameters Table 4: HPTLC Validation Parameters Conclusion Developed HPTLC and UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, rapid, sensitive and robust for the estimation of RES and GYM in combined dosage form. The validation data and recovery shows that methods are free from inferences of excipients used in formulations. Thus method is useful for both constituents to be estimated by both methods. References x

Project Metrics

â€Å"Metrics† is a term used to describe the measurement of a particular phenomenon. Project metrics therefore refers to the key indicators of what exactly has been done or achieved in a certain project. The objective of this is to be able to improve on the processes involved in the project performance. Project metrics thus is a system set in place to evaluate the project process employed in the attainment of results with an aim of improving such processes. They usually involve collecting and availing information regarding the status of the project.It is thus an important factor in project risk management as a review tool. One example of these metrics is the cost. Right before initiating a project, its financial aspect is normally catered for using budgetary control tools. Indeed, the economic viability of a project is a priority regardless of the final results expected of such a project. In this respect therefore, there are certain operations that should be conducted in the process of the project to monitor the cost element.The actual budget will thus be reviewed in light of the original budget. This yields certain variances whose magnitude can thus be reviewed to improve on the process. Quality is another key aspect in a project that would form the basis of metrics. Quality control is thus established to be able to measure the output of a particular process in light of a set standard. Defects in the system are identified and when adequately documented, these provide good grounds for review of the project process with an aim of improvement of the same.This is because in a business environment, quality compromise yields an adverse effect that translates to loss of economic gain which would otherwise be secured with the right standards of quality. In summary it can be said that in project management, the role of project metrics is extremely important and cannot be ignored. They constantly provide information, which when analyzed by the management is usef ul for decision making and the success of projects.

The, Medicine Man, By Dr. Campbell - 854 Words

Movies are a source of entertainment across the world with multiple genres. What makes movies appealing to some viewers is the portrayal of accurate events in history or current events. While watching the movie â€Å"Medicine Man,† I have interpreted accurate evidence that is shown throughout the movie. One of the accurate portrayals in the movie was how the directors utilized the field of anthropology. Cultural relativism, which is the idea to not judge another culture with the beliefs of your own culture, was a major theme in the â€Å"Medicine Man.† This was conveyed through Dr. Campbell who lived with this native group for a time and instead of making judgements towards this unique and dissimilar group, he accepted them for who there are. Althought his research for curing cancer was why he was there, he did not dedicate his whole time to his research. Dr. Campbell learned the natives language and interacted with them on a daily bases. He also used his biological knowledge to cure some of the sickness that was brought into the village. This led for the people to call him the â€Å"Medicine Man.† Due to his altruistic actions, the people accepted Dr. Campbell and looked at him as a friend. Another man who used cultural relativism was Napoleon Chagnon, who did a case study in Brazil and Venezuela on the tribal group, the YÄ…nomamà ¶. He had a challenging start when he first stepped into the tropical forest that the natives inhabit but over time that changed. In the beginning the YÄ…nomamà ¶Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Medical Research On Professional Sports2097 Words   |  9 PagesCampbell 1 Brian Campbell Ms. Vyse English II Honors 24 March 2016 The Effect of Medical Research on Professional Sports in Concussion Football fanatics across the world live for the huge jarring hits that leave players laying on the field in shock. 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Effects Of War Being Touched By War - 828 Words

Christina Randazzo Mrs. Grabo Freshman English 12-10-2015 The Effects of War Being touched by war can change a person, especially if they’re someone like Ishmael Beah, the author of A Long Way Gone. Ishmael’s life started off as normally as yours or mine. He had a father, a mother, two brothers, a good group of friends, and a love for rap music. These were the days before the war. After the war came, everything changed, and now I feel that the phrase â€Å"A long way gone† applies to his life in many ways, whether it be physically, emotionally, or socially. Ishmael has gone through many physical changes throughout his time as a boy soldier. When he was a boy, he had never even touched drugs, but once he was plunged into the heart of the war, drugs became a part of the everyday routine. The drugs that they gave him to keep him awake and energized did their job. They did it a little too well. He is so full of drugs that he hasn’t slept or eaten for weeks. When he does sleep, he is quickly woken by horrible nightmar es, and when he’s awake, he suffers from throbbing migraines. Before the war he never had to deal with things like that. Due to the war, Ishmael has been displaced, and lost many things. He was physically driven away from his home, and had his family stolen from right underneath him. Not to mention all of the friends that he has lost along the way as well. His cassettes and clothes, the things that constantly saved his life, were taken from him and burnedShow MoreRelatedDulce Et Decorum Est And The Horrors Of War Poem Analysis1425 Words   |  6 Pagescan actually be taken seriously in light of war poetry. Although the soldiers in World War I did not literally fight with swords, their experiences in combat were beyond appalling, and some might say, beyond describable by words. 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