A Comparison and Contrast of Herman Melville’s

Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby, Scrivener† (1853) and Franz Kafka’s â€Å"A Hunger Artist† (1924) are short stories that deal with the complexities of man in the social setting. Melville is most well known for his novel Moby Dick while Kafka was virtually unknown during his lifetime and has no published novels but has since gained recognition for his short stories, including â€Å"Metamorphoses† (1915).It would be interesting to note how a comparison of these two similar stories will reveal the personality of the writer. This paper will provide a brief synopsis of the stories and will then be analyzed for points of comparison and contrast.Synopsesâ€Å"Bartleby, Scrivener†Melville’s tale deals primarily with a particular scrivener, also know as a law-copier or in modern usage a petition writer as set in this story. The scrivener, Bartleby is an unaccountable man as described by the narrator whom at the time of the events that took pl ace a Master in Chancery.Bartleby is at first industrious in scrivener work, although he steadfastly refused to do any other activity and appeared not to eat or do anything but his work, and even seemed to live in the office. The narrator describes his feelings of astonishment, sympathy and subsequent acceptance of this eccentricity because his other employees also had their vagaries.As the story progresses, however, Bartleby’s behavior becomes stranger; he stops working but refuses to leave and eventually drives his employer from his office. Bartleby remains in the building even after being booted out of the room and is eventually arrested for vagrancy. The narrator is conscience-stricken and strives to do all he can for Bartleby, who soon after dies in prison. (Melville, 1994)â€Å"The Hunger Artist†The story begins with a statement of decline in interest in hunger artists. It is told from a third person point of view and sketches a history of the popularity of hunge r artists and the process of the art. It muses upon the intentions of those who subscribe to the spectacle, and the personal views and feelings of one particular artist, dwelling upon his frustration of having his work ended prematurely, a maximum of 40 days per each fasting period, in the interest of profit.The hunger artist knew he could last longer and yearned to find out to what extent, but was not allowed.The story describes how interest in the activity seemed suddenly to cease and rather than pursuing his previous modus operandi, the hunger artist preferred to break away from his manager and hire himself out to the circus, where he was placed in a cage near the menagerie, and was all but forgotten. At last he was able to indulge in his wish. Just before he died, he revealed that he fasted not to make himself famous but because there was no food he enjoyed. (Kafka, 1924)AnalysisThe two stories considered have distinct parallels, most notable the title characters. Both Bartleby and the hunger artist are distinguished by a sense of hopelessness and searching. The characters, the former silently, the other in self-revelation, express their need to find a place to belong.They clearly do not fit in accepted society. Bartleby because of his very ascetism, lack of interpersonal relations and history is almost a ghost, an enigma that even the most kindly of intentions could not draw out. He repulsed any kind of contact, perhaps because he was speculated to have been engaged in activity, that of a dead letter clerk, that dealt with the rejected and discarded. He clearly considered himself beyond salvation.The hunger artist, because of his search for the unattainable, is unable to enjoy the material pleasures of life and live a normal life. He deprived himself of life because he saw no point in continuing with it, reserving the pleasure of knowledge of how far he could take his artistry as his last stand against life.The stories are clearly macabre, elucidating the grimness of life of no purpose and no connection. They deal with the reality that man is essentially a creature of society, and failure of interaction results in strange and appalling consequences.The style of the writing is the most notable contrast of the two stories. Melville deals with the subject in a humorous fashion, drawing a smile, even a laugh with his description of his characters and the circumstances until the very end, which makes the horror of what has become of Bartleby all the more stark.Kafka adopted a gloomy tone from the start, indicating a grim end in the very first sentence of the story. The reader knows the hunger artist is doomed to a life of obscurity at the very least. The twist at the end, when the artist reveals the cause of his compunction for self-destruction, illustrates the writer’s own dissatisfaction with life.

Zen Style

Zen Interior Design is a way of designing a space through meditative concepts in an attempt of giving the space a feel of enlightenment. The definition of this design is ambiguous compared to the other discipline in Interior Design. According to Shaolin-Wahnam Institute (n. d. , para 1) Zen basically means â€Å"meditation†. Meditation promotes flow of energy which is translated into space with Zen Interior Design. Over all design emulates a mind who is in an enlightened state, clearing it from the unnecessary load giving it harmony. The design strategy is to conform a space in such a way that it would be like a concrete picture of a mind will look like when it reaches a harmonious state. Origin Zen design was developed in China and spread into Japan in the twelfth century it gave its name to a style of Japanese architecture that was based in one of China’s dynasty called Song; the earliest recorded Zen design architecture was Jizodo Shokofuji (1404). Such influence came to existence because at that time the wide use of Zen Buddhism was rampant. If you would study the culture of Japan, Zen Buddhism is embedded everywhere. Moffett, Fazio, and Wodehouse, 2003, chap 4) Zen is also seen as similarly associated with the concept of Feng Shui which in English is literally â€Å"wind† and â€Å"water†. Feng Shui follows certain rules and principles that are sometimes thought of as practical solutions in order to keep the correct ch’i of the space. In Zen, the ultimate purpose of design is meditation that results in harmony and balance. Feng Shui aims to correct the living conditions in order to promote physical and psychological well-being to the dweller. Marie T. , Feng Shui simplified, para 3) Design Techniques Zen in Interior designing has no standard rule. Design is being done in the context of harmony. Its application is limitless in terms of space; it can be done for a whole house. An isolated room or even a space in you work area. It can be applied through the choice of color palette, space management and space use. All of this can be done be keeping it to what is just essential and natural. That is why Zen is often affiliated with the minimalist design. Colors are kept natural and limited, trying to keep it as light and as close to nature as possible. Strong colors must be kept at bay and everything that can be seen should be relaxing to the eye. Spaces ought to be open and free, up to the point that the designer should induce the illusion of it. Strategically placing mirrors and windows that will help spread light is one of the known strategies to achieve this. Allowing the space to be simple and close to its use is another technique often applied in this type of design. Applying Zen to Interior Decorating, para 1) Modern Developments Zen design is currently widely used in the industry of Interior Design. It was again largely noticed in the recent years entering 21st century. In residential homes it is simply not utilized for its beauty and charm but it gives the dweller a personal space as their own sanctuary, from today’s common busy lifestyle. (Mcevoy, Interior Design Style, para 5). Not only that, today’s housing especially in most of the South East Asian are getting smaller. With this kind of design on these houses a lot of issues can be addressed. Dwellers will be comfortably situated in their houses even if space is limited. The business sector benefits from this as well. Their commercial and industrial facilities, adapt some of its design because its parameters contribute to a lot of things like efficiency of flow in a workspace and improvement of or working environment. To them it affects the worker’s psyche which entails operation cost reduction, which is has a great impact to businesses.

Two-Criteria, Two-Alternative Decision Template Essay

Two-Criteria, Two-Alternative Decision Template - Essay Example It will feature originality of growing organics, herbs and flowers that would attract the large population of Bedrock as people are getting to be health conscious. It has an assurance of flow of customers because of location. The flow of customers generates new needs and new markets. Thus, it creates competences to arrive at ideas to promote its products and services. There is no competition in the farmhouse location and French cooking is a new dining experience Traffic is not much a problem. The extra 15 minute drive to the farmhouse compensates the time between beating downtown traffic. The local critic can become a word of mouth in advertising the place and could be a possible source of capital. [$1,200 x 5 years = $72,000 vs. $600 x 5 years =$36,000] =$36,000. The savings on lease could be devoted to development of the landscape, garden, and open door dining. It will also be a good place for family gathering and children. Besides, option to buy is a good proposition. Option B is recommended because of the originality of ideas that is designed to meet customer demands. It also answers your requirement for a modest capital, a steady flow of customers, and for a quick income. On Option A – the growth potential in downtown area is limited because of the stiff competition that saturates the area. There are other restaurants offering French cuisine which is the attraction of Flintstone restaurant. Because it is in downtown, customers have many choices and establishing a new restaurant in the area needs more attractions to develop interest of customers. It has to do a lot of advertising and promotion to create awareness of people passing by. Cost of operations in downturn area is a big challenge as it is more expensive. Lease in downturn is higher that is complemented by higher cost of supplies and labor. Option A is not a good selection

Effectiveness of Patient Navigation Program For Underserved Patients Research Paper - 1

Effectiveness of Patient Navigation Program For Underserved Patients in Improving Diagnostic Resolution after Abnormal Cancer screening - Research Paper Example Most of the time, the underserved members of the community suffer from these abnormal tests. Failure to improve the situation could result into more people succumbing to the disease, which is curable and manageable at the earlier stages of its development. Through patient navigation programs, the underserved in community expect to receive medical care and diagnosis that provides them with solutions to the problem. The presentation of research material here deals with the challenge presenting the necessary literature on the challenge. The study presents the different challenges that the community faces in the wake of abnormal cancer screening in patients. The developing abnormal cancer screening in the underserved patients requires follow up in the patient navigation program. The different patient navigation programs developed aimed at dealing with patient challenges in relation to handling challenges such as cancer screening with quest to handle cancer in general as a problem. The challenge that the patient navigation program faces is the development of a cancer-screening program that ensures through management of the problem. The whole process seems to provide an ineffective answer to the diagnostic challenges that management of cancer faces. The problem provokes the need to improve the cancer diagnostic resolution to present viable results. The study presents a number of significance levels to different people in ranging from the writer, the future research developers on the same subject, the community and the government. The study is significant in the presentation of information that could guide medical workers in dealing with the problem and improving the cancer screening process. This significance plays to the researcher and the medical workers. The study is significant to the community in providing them with the necessary

Why plagiarism increases in schools and universities around the UK Essay

Why plagiarism increases in schools and universities around the UK - Essay Example Some of the reasons why plagiarism is rising in that manner are explained in this essay. One of the reasons for the increase of plagiarism in universities and schools around UK is the easy access of the internet (Watkins, 2008). There are various tools such as Google that students use to conduct their research and get access to information and ideas that can be used to complete assignments and research projects. However, such research tools have contributed to plagiarism increase across the UK because it enables learners to copy information from the internet. It is difficult to spot this form of plagiarism and cannot be identified manually. Indeed, there is a â€Å"significant, negative influence on the rate of plagiarism due to the internet† (Ison, 2014). The internet is therefore a significant cause of increasing plagiarism in most universities and schools around UK. Online education is also a significant contributor of plagiarism on the internet platform. Ison (2014) argues that online coursework or online education which is common in various institutions in UK causes a great temptation for students to plagiarize than the brick-and-mortar form of education. Online education allows students to stay on the internet for a long time, tempting them to search through various websites for information that can enable them to complete their online assignments easily. Furthermore, there is limited supervision in online studies because the student and the lecturer operate from different places and the lecturer cannot supervise the student directly.

Email repies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Email repies - Coursework Example One strongly believes that the Epistles provide lessons that confirm the existence of the Divine Trinity through the words and life of Jesus Christ. The response was therefore a positive manifestation of spiritual growth and an enhancement of appreciation for God’s Words through the readings. The discussion provided by Classmate B initially differentiated the way Fee and Stuart apparently discussed both historical and literary contexts of the Epistles; eventually, hermeneutical challenges were expounded, prior to providing comparative applications to contemporary times. The good point raised was the cultural context within which the contexts were written, explaining diversity in beliefs, practices and values that were eminent at that time. One contends that there is validity in taking into account the culture and historical context into which the biblical authors wrote their discourse. Greater understanding and appreciation of discerning that diversity in their applicability has been significantly due to the time element that transpired since then. One therefore commends the manner by which the thread was written in discerning the crucial elements that enhanced one’s learning through the discussed

The role of women in the society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The role of women in the society - Essay Example The idea here is that even in deprived households, the issues that affect females may be very different from those that affect the males, thus sometimes making the consequences of such poverty harder for the woman (123). As a matter of fact, Sen writes that in developing countries, where poverty levels are high, the mortality rates for women are higher than those of women (124). In Sen’s opinion, most women faced with poverty find it hard to claim a personal identity and often refer to themselves in relation to their family. This lack of personal identity translates to low levels of personal welfare for the women (124). Accordingly, it is common to find households in which women get the least amount of food, medicine, and other kinds of services needed for survival (125). This means that most of the time, women sacrifice their wellbeing for the sake of the family’s welfare. In the end, women become less economically stable as compared to men. 2. Reexamining the role of women In as far as women redefining their role in the society, Pearson’s main point of argument is based on the relationship between women and economic empowerment. Concerning paid work, Pearson is of the opinion that most women seek employment in search of money needed to enable them fulfill their gendered functions in the society (201). Pearson, however, challenges the idea that women can only be empowered through paid labor, a system advocated for by capitalist ideologies. The contentious issue, here, is that the kind of paid labor that most women are incorporated into is often left out of the formal economy. This is to mean that most women in the paid workforce do not enjoy the associated benefits such as flexible working hours, social protection, fair pay, and protection... In as far as women redefining their role in the society, Pearson’s main point of the argument is based on the relationship between women and economic empowerment. Concerning paid work, Pearson is of the opinion that most women seek employment in search of money needed to enable them to fulfill their gendered functions in the society (201). Pearson, however, challenges the idea that women can only be empowered through paid labor, a system advocated for by capitalist ideologies. The contentious issue, here, is that the kind of paid labor that most women are incorporated into is often left out of the formal economy. This is to mean that most women in the paid workforce do not enjoy the associated benefits such as flexible working hours, social protection, fair pay, and protection of reproductive health, among others (202). Thus, many women end up falling in the informal employment bracket, where they are involved in numerous income-generating activities, as opposed to a particula r profession. It is also, according to Pearson, a common phenomenon to find micro-credit institutions that lend money to women to start up money-making activities, and then later repay the institutions at a small profit (206). However, when these women become empowered economically, it is often assumed that this translates to power shifts in the household (Pearson, 207). This assumption is flawed since, although the women become empowered, in most cases she bears the burden of the loans alone, while the husband remains the head of household operations.

Creating customer value Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creating customer value - Term Paper Example Given the fact that there are no monthly charges and debit card customization fee, many clients will find it easy and beneficial to use this account. The ease of online access to the account will also mean that the customers will be able to access the services without being restricted by geographical location or time. The ease in online access will also imply that the customers would not have to worry when it comes to account opening and online transactions (Ryals 2008, p. 101). The frequent add-ons also imply that customers will have an easier time in making the banking services match their lifestyles. This implies that the bank will be continuously responding to the changes in demands of the market. The monetary cost involved in this case includes the money that would be used in development of systems and customization of the debit cards (Alessandrini, Fratianni & Zazzaro 2009, p. 97). The bank will have to invest extensively to make sure that these services are available to their customers. It will basically take the both the bank and their clients less time for transactions under this account. However, the add-ons and the customization of debit cards will definitely take some time (Cassis 2009, p. 109). This implies that this is a continuous process especially now that it will involve market studies. In this case the energy that will be needed is basically that which will be required in maintainace and management of the system and customer service related activities. The energy needed in this case will come in the form of electricity and human power. The physiological cost is that the bank will have to put up with attending to clients of diverse nature (Sarlak & Hastiani 2011, p. 117). The bank will have to make sure that their personnel are prepared to psychologically take care of the needs of their

Aldous Huxley Essay Example for Free

Aldous Huxley Essay Aldous Huxley captures the effect of the application of scientific methods to procedures in the modern American society to a more substantial degree than ever, recognized by readers of his novel, Brave New World. This portrays a world centered around scientific progress and control. Huxley brings to light the extremity of influence given to Americans by revolutionary science. In an effort to forever improve, society has conformed to many ways of fixing imperfections. From surgeries and medications for honest sicklings to injections for greedy, pretentious abusers, people as a whole have transformed from the good ole days to the fast-paced, materialistic world. While discoveries in science are often for the benefit of society, is it possible that these newfound treasures are actually a preface for rot and ruin? Since most little girls could remember, the only way it seemed plausible to become successful was by living in the body of Cinderella or Barbie or Miss America. As they began to mature, nothing changed. The image remained as a beautiful bag of bones when media and celebrities were constantly thrown in their face. In the past, if they didn’t have â€Å"the look†, they were left hopeless and self-conscious. Thankfully, some idiot decided they would abuse the power of nature and science by providing these girls with an answer to their prayers. Plastic Surgery! What they didn’t account for was the impact. Now, not only were the glamorous allowed to have the image, everyone was-again, reducing the confidence in the female population and encouraging a new friend, bullying. Moreover, it is affecting the mental health of children in this conceited society. Surveys and recent research show that â€Å" Teens view plastic surgery as a way to fit in and look acceptable to friends and peers† (Plastic Surgery). How is it that society has allowed this damage to take place? The original intentions of these different types of surgeries were honest. Science isn’t the one to be held responsible, rather the insecurities of certain

Social networking Essay Example for Free

Social networking Essay After investigating social networking sites (SNS) and their consequences on todays society, I have come up with different views and I was not able to decide whether they influence in a positive way or in the negative way. In my view if each SNS user considered some boundaries for themselves regarding their occupation or other matters, relating their age the use of SNS does not cause any threat or harm. The huge disadvantage of these sites is that we are not aware of the other persons true identity but as I said before by considering some boundaries, mean not providing confidential information we can secure us from different types of safety issues. Social Networking is a way which is used to socialize via the internet and portable devices. During my research I have read a Time online article Is social networking a waste of time? and found that in organisations the loss of productivity is because of employees multi-tasking between actual work and social network which I will discuss further on in this essay. As I moved forward on this research I gain more information about SNS and found another useful article Is my space is good for society in which experts has discussed the SNS effects on our society. This research along with class discussions and handouts will construct this research project. As I mentioned before SNS users has to consider boundaries regarding their occupation, if they are going to ignore this point they will not produce beneficial results, such as employees at work place use the SNS to communicate to their families or friends they cannot put as much effort as they spouse to towards their job which will be result for company in loss of productivity. An estimate shows that British industry loss i 6. 5 billion per annum productivity and uncertain bandwidth usage. Lets look at the student progress in High school for a while; a Global Secure System performed a survey on 500 English school children between the age of 13 and 17. The result of this survey shows that 51% of student confirmed to being on SNS to check their profiles during lessons and over a quarter declare that they spend more than 30 minutes on SNS each day at school. All these result shows that teens are very serious about social networking. For them failing to attend to these duties could end friendships and go down their reputations. On the University level the use of SNS are same as in other educational areas. But I have noticed that after being encouraged and directed by their professors student have made good use of these resources. A lecturer at John Cabot University in Rome reveal that he encourage the students to be creative, to promote their online student newspaper which just over a year from launch is pulling in progressively rising traffic. No doubt all the blog, Facebook and MySpace mentions are helping. He had students who use social networking sites to build and promote projects on fighting poverty and eradicating hunger, organising music gigs art and photo exhibitions plus arrange meet ups for political rallies. An assistant professor of Telecommunication Information Studies and Media at Michigan State University believe that SNS have made us better off as a society and individuals. By the passage of time we will see increase in SNS utility as more population will adopt it. Political activities organized via Facebook, Job found through LinkedIn and growing amount of academic research on SNS are the evidence of positive outcomes of this technology. During the last three years a research has been carried out by a team at the Michigan State university to find out why individuals would voluntarily use a site that based on media reports, offer only a way to disclose information they should not reveal, collect hundreds of friends they did not know and waste time which can be spent on studies. In this research they done a survey to understand the benefit individuals receive from their relationships with other on SNS. They found that individuals are able to receive information and ideas from the people they dont know very well. They are using Facebook to increase the size of their social network and therefore their access to more information and various perspectives. To observe SNS from psychological point I want to state the views of a psychology professor William Reader at Sheffield Hallam University. He thinks it is difficult to say with any degree of assurance that SNS influence in a good way or bad way. He believe that SNS may help to make friends without engaging in face to face contact with people but face to face contact are very important. Shared attitudes are important for friendship. We know that people like to join together with people who are like them. The more similar we are to our friends the less room there is for argument on interest. In his opinions SNS will never replace face to face communication in the development of close friendships. Anyone can post you are cool on the Facebook but genuine smiles and laughs are a much more dependable signs of someones suitability as a trustworthy friend. We can realize that many people on SNS are meeting with other people before they meet each other face to face. As a result of this when many students begin university; they find themselves with a group of readymade associates. Given peoples liking for people who are like them growing the development of homogeneous friendship networks. In a way this cannot be considered as a good situation, choosing potential friends via Facebook profiles, it mean that people cut themselves off from unexpected encounters with those who are apparently different from them, ethnically, socio-economically and even in term of musical taste. A former Apple marketing director and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution Steve Chazin believe that this technology has changed our lives for the better, but at a cost. It provides great benefits but also the way we use to live are changing and everybody cannot happily adopt these changes. In their opinions tools provided by SNS have improved the quality of peoples lives and made it nearly effortless for us to keep in touch with friends, family, colleagues and also have increased the chances to make new friends and create a community. The negatives are that all the sharing of information can lead to some harmful situations like recruiters can assess young professionals profiles which are applying for jobs by hacking into their SNS accounts and make decision on based of the accessed information. As well as becoming computer addicted and committing suicide can also become a matter due to the SNS. Now having researched into social networking my views are still the same as I originally thought but now I have more knowledge, a better understanding of social networking and why people do it. Also I realize that negative impact of SNS can be reduced by encouraging and directing the users in positive way e. g. education, advertising etc Also I was immensely delighted to discover individuals views regarding the future which they believe we can interact with others on the Web, by having truly immersive face to face video conversations and experience a fusion of our real and cyber worlds where second life becomes second nature.

Diagnostic Imaging for Breast Cancer Symptoms

Diagnostic Imaging for Breast Cancer Symptoms The role of diagnostic imaging in the initial investigation of female patients symptomatic for breast cancer, and its subsequent application in the staging process. Introduction Breast Cancer is the term used for cancers found within the breast tissue. Usually breast cancer is the result of a small change in the regulatory cycles that the tissue goes through. Any changes in these can result in malignant growths within the breast tissue. As stated by Breast Cancer Now (2016), Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the UK with over 50,000 new cases diagnosed in women each year, in the UK alone, thus approximately 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with some form of breast malignancy in their lifetime. Furthermore, not all breast cancer occurs in females, in the UK roughly 350 men are also diagnosed with breast cancer each year. The survival rate of breast cancer is quite high at around 90%, states Breast Cancer Care (2016), which highlights how effective treatment currently is. However, it is the most common cause of death in women aged 40-50. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012a). Per Sestak, I. et al (2012), there are many factors that can predispose a person to the risk of breast cancer. These include: increasing age, geographical variation, breast density, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche and menopause, family history, genes, previous breast disease, radiation, lifestyle, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. As stated by Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012a), Breast cancer lumps are usually hard and painless, with an irregular shape. They are approximately 2cm before they are palpable and can be felt. Most lumps are found in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. A lump is the most common symptom but there are other signs and symptoms that can be indicative of breast cancer. These other symptoms include: bleeding from the nipple (rare), change in shape or size, ulceration, swelling in breast or arm due to blockage of lymphatic circulation, peau dorange which is usually the result of fluid in the dermis and axillary lumps. These symptoms are not present in all cases and are indicative of the different stages and kinds of breast cancer. Content Discussion People with breast cancer symptoms usually undergo what is known as a Triple Assessment. A triple assessment comprises of a clinical examination, imaging examinations and pathological evaluation. This assessment process is usually able to diagnose 95% of malignant breast cancers. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) also states that before a clinical examination occurs, the patients history is taken into consideration, as this can aid the diagnose or other potential causes of the symptoms. Usually the history that is considered includes: the history of the current complaint, family history of breast or ovarian cancers, HRT and oral contraceptives history, previous diseases and surgeries, allergies and smoking history. Clinical Assessment of Breast Cancer As stated before clinical examination is the first step in a triple assessment to diagnose breast cancer. Clinical examination is done to assess dimpling, which is usually an early sign, as it occurs because of the contraction of the ligaments of Cooper. Clinical examination can also distinguish between coarse nodular tissue and an actual lump in the breast tissue. The colour and site of any discharge at the nipple is also recorded and tested for any blood within the discharged fluid. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b). Imaging in Diagnosis of Breast Cancer As stated by Vaidya, J.S et al (2012b), Both mammography and ultrasonography have important roles in the diagnosis of breast cancer, but the use of other modalities, such as magnetic resonance and infrared imaging, is being developed. Mammography can detect over 95% of clinically detectable cancers. However, it does not aid the diagnosis of a patient with a discrete lump. In this case diagnosis relies heavier on cytology and histology. It may also be of use in the detection of cancer in patients with coarse nodular breasts and is particularly useful in dense breast tissues. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) Another use for mammography is to accurately assess where the cancer is located. This information can also be used to aid biopsy and surgeries.ÂÂ   Mammography can also reveal that there is an impalpable lump in the other asymptomatic breast which otherwise would have gone undetected. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) If a mass is detected on a mammogram, a range of codes are typically used to determine the potential malignancy of the mass. These are defined by Willet, A. et al, for the Association of Breast Surgery (2010) as: M1 Normal M2 Benign M3 Indeterminate/Likely Benign M4 Suspicion of Malignancy M5 Highly suspicious of Malignancy. Another key imaging technique used in the diagnosis of breast cancer is ultrasonography. Ultrasound shows the difference between a cyst or a more solid mass. Therefore, a mass can be confirmed to be a cyst and can be drained using needle aspiration. However, a blood-stained aspirate may be a result of a cancer within the cyst which was previously unidentified. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast lumps has continued to improve with growing technological advances. Benign lumps appear as well-defined masses with no acoustic shadow. Malignant lumps are ill-defined masses, with a varying echogenicity and/or have evidence of microcalcifications within them. Ultrasound is also the preferred imaging method in women under the age of 30, as their breasts tend to be less dense and are therefore radiosensitive. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b). The NICE Guidelines (2015), also state that, ultrasound evaluation of the axilla should be performed for all patients bein g investigated for early invasive breast cancer. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is also used in breast cancer diagnosis by inserting a small needle into a lump which is located during the examination using ultrasound. The aspirate on the needle is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist which can then diagnose a breast cancer with almost 100% specificity depending on their level of skill and training. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) Imaging in Staging of Diagnosed Breast Cancer If the tumour is large and there is extensive lymph-node involvement, preoperative staging is prudent. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) As stated by RCR guidelines (2014), the objectives of staging are to: assess the size of a tumour, assess for other involvement of the skin or chest wall, assess multifocality of tumour, to assess the nodal status and to assess for any metastatic spread. MRI is used in staging any indeterminate lesions. The expense of MRI is now becoming less of an issue as the cost of an MRI breast coil is considered relatively low. The injection of a contrast agent during MRI enables the vascularity of a lesion to be visualised. The downside of this is that a specifically trained team is required to undergo this route of imaging. Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) NICE guidelines (2015), state that MRI is not recommended in the preoperative assessment of patients with invasive breast cancer that has been proven by biopsy or ductal carcinoma in-situ. It should only be offered to those where the extent of metastases is indeterminate, breast density has caused mammography to be indefinite or to assess tumour size to aid surgery for invasive lobular cancer. Computed Tomography is stated by the RCR Guidelines (2014), to be used with patients who have advanced symptoms and are suspected to have a further progressed cancer. Reasons for request of a CT to stage breast cancer include: bone pain and breathlessness. If the use of CT for staging is used, intravascular contrast media should be employed during the scan. The scan should include the supraclavicular fossa, the chest and the liver. The RCR Guidelines (2014), state that Photon Emission Tomography should not be used for early stage breast cancer but should be used more to assess metastatic spread. It is also used to assess potentially multi-focal disease or suspected recurrence if a patient has particularly dense breasts. Axially node status is usually assessed by using US, with the use of fine-needle aspiration or biopsy of any suspicious nodes. RCR Guidelines (2014). Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) also suggest that routine staging in early breast cancer, as the results are usually less than 4%. Thus, these investigations can slow down the otherwise relatively quick treatment and can cause the patient unnecessary anxiety as they await results. Follow-up and Surveillance after treatment of Breast Cancer It is suggested by Vaidya, J.S. et al (2012b) that patients who have had a mastectomy are at a higher risk of developing cancer in the remaining breast and should therefore undergo regular mammograms for surveillance. They also suggest that colour Doppler ultrasound scanning of a breast that has had a malignant tumour postoperatively is likely to increase the chances of an early diagnosis should there be any recurrence. RCR guidelines (2013) state that women who have been treated for breast cancer under the age of 50 should have a yearly mammogram as surveillance follow up. After 50 the guidelines are unclear but it is currently recommended that surveillance mammograms are routinely performed every 2-3 years. NICE guidelines (2015), also state that an annual mammography should be offered to all those with early breast cancers, including DCIS until they reach the age for screening. These guidelines recommend that patients of the age for screening should have also annual mammograms for 5 years. The NICE guidelines (2015), further suggest that US nor MRI should be offered in post-treatment surveillance for those who have been treated for DCIS or other early stage breast cancers. Conclusion In summary, it is essential that patients presenting symptoms which usually pertain to a breast cancer undergo a thorough assessment, including multiple imaging examinations not just for the diagnosis of the cancer, but also the staging and the follow-up once the cancer has been successfully treated. Mammography and Ultrasound are the two key imaging techniques that are vital in my opinion within diagnosis. They enable a fast and usually efficient result which can then be used for staging. Ultrasound can be seen to have more benefits as it does not use ionising radiation unlike mammography, but mammography is essential is those patients who have highly dense breast tissue. This is usually postmenopausal patients who tend to be the high-risk group of developing breast cancer. CT and Ultrasound are mainly used during staging. This stage is vital in patients with more progressive breast cancer, but if the tumour has been caught in the early stages, staging methods can usually be skipped as it is more efficient to immediately commence treatment methods. Follow-up imaging is also essential as those who have undergone treatment of breast cancer are at higher risk of recurrence in either breast. In conclusion, imaging is one the most essential tools available in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of breast cancer. Without the current imaging techniques, we have today the 95% survival rate of breast cancer would likely be nowhere near as high. Reference List: Breast Cancer Care. (2016). Prognosis. Available: https://www.breastcancercare.org.uk/information-support/facing-breast-cancer/diagnosed-breast-cancer/diagnosis/prognosis. Last accessed 27th Mar 2017. Breast Cancer Now. (2016). Breast Cancer Statistics. Available: http://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/what-is-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-statistics. Last accessed 27th Mar 2017. NICE guidelines. (2015). Early and locally advanced breast cancer: diagnosis and treatment. Breast Cancer. Last Accessed: 30th Mar 2017 Sestak, I et al. (2012). Breast Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Genetics. In: Dickson, J ABC of Breast Disease. 4th ed. London: BMJ Books. p41-47. The Royal College of Radiologists (2013). Guidance on screening and symptomatic breast imaging. 3rd ed. London: The Royal College of Radiologists.ÂÂ   Pg.7 The Royal College of Radiologists (2014). Recommendations for cross-sectional imaging in cancer management. 2nd ed. London: The Royal College of Radiologists. P2-4 Vaidya, J.S., Joseph, D. Jones, A. (2012b), Fast Facts: Breast Cancer Diagnosis, 4th ed. edn, Health Press Limited, Abingdon.ÂÂ   P47-64 Vaidya, J.S., Joseph, D. Jones, A. (2012a), Fast Facts: Breast Cancer Pathophysiology, 4th ed. edn, Health Press Limited, Abingdon.ÂÂ   P28-46 Willet, A. et al. (2010). Diagnosis and Imaging.ÂÂ   Best Practice Diagnostic Guidelines for Imaging of Symptomatic Patient. Department of Health. p 49.

The Theme Of Inherit The Wind :: essays research papers

In the play Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, the theme is that every person has the right to think. One example of the theme of this play is Rachel's progression towards independent thinking. In the beginning Rachel fears her father greatly. She says, "I remember feeling this way when I was a little girl. . . .But I was always more frightened of him that I was of falling. It's the same way now" (48-49). However, by the end of the book she has grown away from her father, and now has her own opinions and thoughts. Her new growth and acceptance is shown in her statement: "This is your book, Bert. I've read it. All the way through. I don't want to think that men come from apes and monkeys. But I think that's besides the point" (111). A second example of the theme of Inherit the Wind is shown by the way Drummond acts and how frustrated he becomes when he talks to Brady. In the courtroom, Brady says, "A man is on trial!" (64). Drumm ond is extremely agitated and replies by saying, "A thinking man! And he is threatened with fine and imprisonment because he chooses to speak what he thinks" (64). After their disagreement Drummond states his opinion, by saying, "I am trying to establish, Your Honor, that Howard-or Colonel Brady-or Charles Darwin-or anyone in this courtroom-or you sir-has the right to think!" (64). The theme becomes more apparent throughout the play by the way Cates stands up for and defends himself. At first, Bert Cates is very unsure of himself and is not sure if what he did was correct. Cates questions Drummond as to whether he should stay with the case or give in.

Interconnected :: Biodiversity Science Biology Essays

Interconnected â€Å"Loving nature is not the same as understanding it.† Like the majority of the human race, Harriet in Gary Larson’s [JH1] book, There’s a Hair in my Dirt, â€Å"‘not only [misunderstand] the things she saw – vilifying some creatures while romanticizing others, - but also her connection to them’† (Larson 1998). The human race is one big Harriet; we see what is on the surface and never truly understand what lies beneath because we fail to even look. In order to understand ourselves, we must first understand what makes us and shapes us. Perhaps this is why we should understand biodiversity and the effects it has on us and science. All living things need each other to survive. We need the trees to breathe, they need us to produce CO2 for photosynthesis, and they also need the worms to cultivate the land for rich soil. Hence, we could imply that we need the worms to breathe. It’s more than that, though. The whole concept of biology, or even science, revolves around the intricate connections between all of its aspects. We need to understand biodiversity to understand our connections to all living things. In order to understand biodiversity we need to use systematics. In order to understand systematics we need to understand taxonomy, phylogeny, evolution and all the other parts. Every part of who we are is saturated in everything around us and yet we do not even try to take the time to absorb a drop of it. Despite the fact that we consider ourselves to be the most intelligent of the species living on this planet today, our egos and independence, our ignorance and manipulation, allow the understanding of our very existence on this earth to pass us by. In order to truly understand who we are, we need to come nose to nose with the earthworms. In understanding biodiversity, we will be able to harvest the benefits that come from it. Not only will we be able to understand our connections with all living things, but our connection with the environment as well. Interconnected :: Biodiversity Science Biology Essays Interconnected â€Å"Loving nature is not the same as understanding it.† Like the majority of the human race, Harriet in Gary Larson’s [JH1] book, There’s a Hair in my Dirt, â€Å"‘not only [misunderstand] the things she saw – vilifying some creatures while romanticizing others, - but also her connection to them’† (Larson 1998). The human race is one big Harriet; we see what is on the surface and never truly understand what lies beneath because we fail to even look. In order to understand ourselves, we must first understand what makes us and shapes us. Perhaps this is why we should understand biodiversity and the effects it has on us and science. All living things need each other to survive. We need the trees to breathe, they need us to produce CO2 for photosynthesis, and they also need the worms to cultivate the land for rich soil. Hence, we could imply that we need the worms to breathe. It’s more than that, though. The whole concept of biology, or even science, revolves around the intricate connections between all of its aspects. We need to understand biodiversity to understand our connections to all living things. In order to understand biodiversity we need to use systematics. In order to understand systematics we need to understand taxonomy, phylogeny, evolution and all the other parts. Every part of who we are is saturated in everything around us and yet we do not even try to take the time to absorb a drop of it. Despite the fact that we consider ourselves to be the most intelligent of the species living on this planet today, our egos and independence, our ignorance and manipulation, allow the understanding of our very existence on this earth to pass us by. In order to truly understand who we are, we need to come nose to nose with the earthworms. In understanding biodiversity, we will be able to harvest the benefits that come from it. Not only will we be able to understand our connections with all living things, but our connection with the environment as well.

Application of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases: Cancer

RESEARCH PROPOSAL APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES – CANCER. BY OLOWOKERE JOHN 1. 0 Introduction Nanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation, and application of materials, devices, and systems at the nanometer scale (One meter consists of 1 billion nanometers). It is becoming increasingly important in fields like engineering, agriculture, construction, microelectronics and health care to mention a few. The application of nanotechnology in the field of health care has come under great attention in recent times.There are many treatments today that take a lot of time and are also very expensive. Using nanotechnology, quicker and much cheaper treatments can be developed. By performing further research on this technology, cures can be found for diseases that have no cure today. We could make surgical instruments of such precision and deftness that they could operate on the cells and even molecules from which we are made – something well beyond today's medical technology. Therefore nanotechnology can help save the lives of many people. Mohd & Jeffery, 2007). The specific purpose of this report is to explain the application of nanotechnology to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer in the field of medicine. Applications such as drug delivery system, tissue reconstruction and disease diagnosis and treatment shall be discussed. This report will be of particular interest and help to researchers in the genetic engineering and biotechnology department of the federal university of technology Minna, and other research institutions. 1. 1 Problem StatementThe specific purpose of this report is to delve into the application of nanotechnology to diagnose and treat diseases in the field of medicine using our own indigenous technology. Applications such as drug delivery system, tissue reconstruction and disease diagnosis and treatment shall be discussed as it relates to cancer. 1. 2. Just ification of the Study With the raging scourge of cancer in the world today, nanotechnology provides the field of medicine with promising hope for assistance in its diagnosis and treatment as well as improving the general quality of life.Humans have the potential to live healthier lives in the near future due to the innovations of nanotechnology. Some of these innovations include: Disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease, better drug delivery system with minimal side effects and tissue reconstruction. 1. 3. Objective of the Study This research work is designed to achieve the following objectives: ? Design and production of nano-tech devices and equipment for the diagnosis of diseases such as cancer. ?To develop a model that predicts the method involve in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases such as cancer. Design of nanoparticles for nano-tech applications such as tissue reconstruction. ?To determine the method that will best optimize the drug delivery s ystem with minimal side effects. 1. 4. Scope and Limitation of the Study The scope of this research work shall be limited to the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer as highlighted in the problem statement of this research work. 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW The word â€Å"nano† is derived from the Greek â€Å"nanos†, directly translating to English as â€Å"dwarf†.From the very literal meaning of the word, therefore, it is inferred that the science is operated on a miniature scale. When working at a nanoscale, the prefix â€Å"nano† is used as an SI unit to denote any value multiplied by 10-9, meaning that a nanosecond is roughly a billionth of a second and a nanometre equates to a billionth of a metre. Ten hydrogen atoms lined up side by side would equate to a length of 1nm; in fact, most atoms are a miniscule 0. 1-0. 2nm wide. Due to the fact that work on a cellular level is done primarily at a nanoscale, it is th erefore unsurprising that nanotechnology has paved the way for a vast quantity of iological development, and a great majority of the findings encountered have led to cutting edge breakthroughs in this area (Harry, 2005). Nanotechnology offers various exciting prospects to every aspect of life. From dietary supplements to clothing, nanotechnology is evolving rapidly all around us. It offers numerous possibilities, especially in the medical sector of nanoscience (nanomedicine). Nanomedicine can be defined as â€Å"the design and manipulation of nanoparticles, particularly as applied to the medical diagnosis and treatment of disease. Examples of recent nanomedical developments include; the use of nanoparticles with antibacterial properties in hospital equipment and the development of magnetic nanoparticles being used to target disease, reducing the necessity of surgery and the associated risks. A further innovation in nanomedicine has been manufacturing drugs as nanoparticles as they are thought to be absorbed more easily into the body because of their size. It could offer easier methods of locating and targeting specific cells on a „nano? size level, on an atomic scale, and delivering drugs to these cells.This is good because often very powerful drugs are needed to kill mutated cells such as tumour cells, and these drugs would be hazardous if they came into contact with normal functioning cells (Mohd & Jeffery, 2007). 2. 1 Nanotechnology preventive approach In general, the best way to eliminate a problem is to eliminate the cause. In cancer, the problem can be perceived differently at various stages of the disease. Most apparently, if genetic mutations are the underlying cause, then we must counteract the causes of the mutations.Unfortunately, genetic mutations are caused by artificial or natural carcinogens only some of the time. At other times, they may occur spontaneously during DNA replication and cell division. With present science and technology the re is very little we can do to prevent this from happening. However, in all other cases, eliminating the carcinogens is indeed a highly effective way of cancer prevention. But most patients do not recognise the problem until it has actually occurred, which makes preventive medicine a rarely utilised, although a highly effective form of cancer prevention.Even so, is there a way to eliminate cancer through nanotechnology before it starts? Although there is little current research on preventive treatments using nanotechnology, they are indeed possible. After a careful review of the most advanced disease-time nanoscale treatment methods, one can easily see why the proposed nanotechnology alternatives to current preventive treatments have so strongly attracted the attention of the scientific and medical communities in recent years. In fact, nanotechnology-based treatments are no more challenging to devise than the currently used disease-time treatment methods.Nonetheless, it requires tim e and monetary investments to develop such treatment methods in short time. (Greider and Blackburn, 1996). 2. 2 Method of Disease Diagnosis using nanotechnology 1. Diagnosis and Imaging: Nanobiotech scientists have successfully produced microchips that are coated with human molecules. The chip is designed to emit an electrical impulse signal when the molecules detect signs of a disease. Special sensor nanobots can be inserted into the blood under the skin where they check blood contents and warn of any possible diseases.They can also be used to monitor the sugar level in the blood. Advantages of using such nanobots are that they are very cheap to produce and easily portable. (Harry, 2005) 2. Quantum dots: Quantum dots are nanomaterials that glow very brightly when illuminated by ultraviolet light. They can be coated with a material that makes the dots attach specifically to the molecule they want to track. Quantum dots bind themselves to proteins unique to cancer cells, literally br inging tumors to light. (Weiss, 2005). 2. 3 Application of Nanotech in Drug Delivery SystemNanobots are robots that carry out a very specific function and are just several nanometers wide. They can be used very effectively for drug delivery. Normally, drugs work through the entire body before they reach the disease-affected area. Using nanotechnology, the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective and reduce the chances of possible side-effects (Perkel, 2004). The drug carriers have walls that are just 5-10 atoms thick and the inner drug-filled cell is usually 50-100 nanometers wide. When they detect signs of the disease, thin ires in their walls emit an electrical pulse which causes the walls to dissolve and the drug to be released. Aston Vicki, manager of BioSante Pharmaceuticals, says â€Å"Putting drugs into nanostructures increases the solubility quite substantially†. (Harry, 2005) 2. 4 Nanotechnology approaches for cancerous cell destruction Preventive treatments are not much good to those who have already developed the disease. And since these are the people who require the most immediate medical help, it is no wonder that a majority of innovative treatments are focused here.Again, there are several ways to view the problem. The traditional approach is to simply eliminate the causing agents, or the cells that make up the tumour and end their pararcine signalling effect. This method actually dates back to the mid-17th century, when John Hunter, a Scottish surgeon first suggested the surgical removal of the tumour (Denmeade and Isaacs, 2002). Of course, we have made great progress in the last 350 years, but the idea remains the same. If we see the cancerous cells of the tumour as the causing agents of the disease, then the obvious strategy is to remove or to destroy them.The most significant recent breakthroughs have been made in this area. A relatively long-standing strategy dating back to the 1950s is to flood the body with substances that are especially toxic to tumour cells. Unfortunately, tumour cells are not dissimilar enough from healthy cells to distinguish one from the other using such large-scale techniques. A drug that is especially toxic to tumour cells is usually also toxic to healthy cells, and simply flooding the entire body with it causes system-wide damage and serious side effects.Almost everyone has heard of or seen chemotherapy patients who have lost their hair, lost significant weight, or developed other serious disorders (Silva, 2004). 2. 5 Physics and Engineering Concepts in Cancer Treatment Aside from destroying cells directly, we can take a more elegant approach to tumour elimination. Massand energy balance are well understood and are widely used in all types of science and engineering. Furthermore, these concepts are quite general, and can be applied to other fields as well, such as medicine.The general principles of mass balance, energy conservation and e ntropy production are applicable to bio systems as well as industrial processes. Thus, we can define the malignant tumour as our bio system and proceed to investigate the mass, energy and entropy inputs, outputs and accumulations. (Mansoori et al. , 2007). Since our ultimate goal is to destroy the tumour, we realise that this can be achieved by limiting or eliminating the inputs of the needed nutrients and the useful energy that are vital to its growth and survival.Likewise, we can limit the outputs, which are necessary for the tumour cells to get rid of toxic waste products that are left over from the multitude of biochemical reactions continuously taking place. Furthermore, basic anatomy and biology tell us that cells within the human body get a vast majority of their nutrients and energy from the bloodstream, and likewise use the bloodstream to eliminate the toxins. Cells that are cut off from circulation quickly undergo necrosis and are effectively eliminated. Therefore, our goa l is to separate the tumour from the circulation in order to kill it.Numerous studies have explored the possibility of isolating cancer tumours from the bloodstream. (Reynolds et al. , 2003). 2. 6 Tissue Reconstruction Nanoparticles can be designed with a structure very similar to the bone structure. An ultrasound is performed on existing bone structures and then bone-like nanoparticles are created using the results of the ultrasound, the bone-like nanoparticles are inserted into the body in a paste form. When they arrive at the fractured bone, they assemble themselves to form an ordered structure which later becomes part of the bone (Adhikari, 2005). 3. 0 MethodologyThis research work shall use the following methods or approaches to achieve its aim and objectives: †¢Top – down technique: The top – down technique begins with taking a macroscopic material (the finished product) and then incorporating smaller scale details into them. The molecules are rearranged to get the desired property. This approach is still under immense research as many of the devices used to operate at nanolevel are still being developed. †¢Bottom – up approach: The bottom – up approach begins by designing and synthesizing custom made molecules that have the ability to self- replicate.These molecules are then organized into higher macro-scale structures. The molecules self replicate upon the change in specific physical or chemical property that triggers the self replication. This can be a change in temperature, pressure, application of electricity or a chemical. The self replication of molecule has to be carefully controlled so it does not go out of hand. 4. 0 Expected Contribution of the Work to Knowledge Though, nanotechnology is still in its early stage, but it is of worthy note to know that it has began to gain application as it is already helping patients all over the world today.As further research continues in this field, more treatments will be discovered. Many diseases that do not have cures today may be cured by nanotechnology in the future. As part of contribution to knowledge, the result that shall be established in this research work may be useful in the development of indigenous methods and model on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer. 5. 0 Conclusion Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer have always been a formidable medical challenge. In fact, cancer has long been considered an incurable disease and it is grouped with Hepatitis C and AIDS.Throughout the bulk of human history, cancer tended to be fatal in those who were unfortunate to develop it. Cancer will continue to be a big problem since it is a disease related mostly to age. As our population average age increases due to medical advances, cancer will be a major disease of the aging. At the end of this research work, we may have been able to develop and design a model that will effectively be used to diagnose the disease of cacer, proff er measures and techniques on how it can be prevented and treated.Also, the principle surrounding the mechanism of how a better drug delivery system with minimal side effects concerning the cure of cancer must have been fully explored. All these will be tried and tested using our own indigenous nanotechnology in the area of genetic engineering which promises a brighter future in the field of medicine leading to the actualization of the objective of this research work. REFERENCES Greider, C. W. and Blackburn, E. H. (1996). ‘Telomeres, telomerase and cancer’, Scientific American, Vol. 274, pp. 80–85. Mohd A. K and Jeffery J. (2007). Nanotechnology: Application in medicine and possible side effects.Denmeade, S. R. and Isaacs, J. T. (2002). ‘A history of prostate cancer treatment’, Nature Rev. Cancer, Vol. 2, pp. 389–396. Reynolds, A. R. , Moghimi, S. M. and Hodivala-Dilke, K. (2003) ‘Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery to tumor neovasculatu re’, Trends in Molecular Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 11, pp. 2–4. Mansoori, G. A; Pirooz, M; Percival, M; Siavash, J. (2007). Nanotechnology in Cancer Prevention, Detection and Treatment: World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, Vol 4. Adhikari, R. (2005). â€Å"Nanobiotechnology: Will It Deliver? † Healthcare Purchasing News. pg 1-3.

Harry Potter Essay

Harry Potter is a series of seven novels written by the British author J. K. Rowling. The books is the chronicle adventures of awizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School. The main story concerns Harry’s quest to overcome the Dark wizard Lord Voldemort, whose aims are to become immortal, conquer the wizarding world and destroy all those who stand in his way, especially Harry Potter. Since the release of the first novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone on 30 June 1997 and the last on July 2007, the books have gained immense popularity, commercial success worldwide As of June 2011, the book series has sold about 450 million copies, making it the best-selling book series in history, and has been translated into 67 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history. Question 1: To what extent was the Harry Potter series simply a loss leader for the hypermarkets? Harry Potter simply a loss leader for the hypermarkets because it’s just a marketing strategy which was used to gain enormous market share of the Harry Potter books with the acceptance of millions dollars loss. Question 2: Should such price cutting be outlawed or regulated to protect smaller retailers? Price cutting should be regulated to not only protect smaller retailer but also prevent market from many consequences such as leading to loss profit and price war, cheapen a brand, etc when price cutting is not controlled. Question 3: Bookstores in Kuala Lumpur withdrew the book in protest. Was their reaction justified? The action of bookstore in Kuala Lumpur withdrawing seventh Harry Potter in protest is justified because it protects their own benefit from being loss and claiming their objection attitude toward the loss leader strategy of other giant retailer.

Literature in English Essay

There is some knowledge of the text applied to the task and there is a clear understanding of how the writer’s choices shape meaning – for example in considering the language of Prospero as ‘hard and strong’. However this is not developed into analysis nor does the essay move beyond the candidate’s generalised opinions. The focus though is on the ‘portrayal’ and there is a partial awareness of the dramatic methods: Ariel’s reaction influences the way the audience sees Prospero for example. The reference to King Alonso hints at a wider knowledge of the text, but crucially here the candidate does not give a context for the passage nor is there any placing of the passage in terms of characterisation and plot. This limits the development of the essay to a series of thoughts and opinions which are partly repetitive and though these are clearly expressed if simple, there is little sense of an argument or a view unfolding here and the essay remains assertive in tone. Opinions are offered on for example different views of Prospero but these are not rooted in the language or dialogue sufficiently to be evidence of discrimination. The literary features noticed such as Ariel’s ‘smooth, poetic lines’ are not analysed and the effects are merely asserted. Paying close attention to language and dialogue, write a critical appreciation of the following passage, showing what it contributes to your understanding of Fanny’s role and characterisation. (Chapter 15: ‘ â€Å"Fanny,† cried Tom Bertram†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦considering who and what she is. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) The Austen essay, also on the passage, is somewhat weaker, mainly because there are fewer points relevantly made, though once again the essay is focused on the task. There is less evidence of the wider knowledge of the text and the simple ideas on Fanny’s position in the Bertram household are neither developed nor fully supported. Again the absence of any contextualisation or placing of the passage hinders the development and the subtlety of Austen’s dialogue and language is not considered. For example, Aunt Norris’s comment is seen only in the way it shows Fanny’s position and there is no comment on what it reveals about Mrs Norris and Fanny’s role in the novel as the method through which Austen reveals the hypocrisy and wickedness perhaps of Mrs Norris. This is characterised by the candidate as ‘distant, tense and cold’ because of the ‘hasty marriage’. But there is no more detailed context offered, so that the Mousetrap is ignored and the refused chance to murder the praying Claudius. There is some sense of exploring the language – the references to ‘you’ and ‘thou’ and the effect of the repetitions by Hamlet – but these do not develop into analysis of the effects. The candidate does offer other opinions on the relationship – what Gertrude is ‘scared of’ for example but these are not structured into an argument. The oedipal interpretation is mentioned but not linked to this passage very effectively and though there is a sense of the wider text at times there is no clear explanation of why this passage is significant in terms of either the relationship or the characterisation or the development of the plot. Overall this is a strong Band 4 essay – quite detailed and aware of some of the literary features, but not able to develop a structured argument or showing much engagement with the subtlety of the language here or even with the dramatic nature of the events unfolding. Discuss Dickens’s presentation of schools and ideas about education in Hard Times. The Dickens essay is an option (a) essay and presents a competently organised response to the task. Relevant knowledge has been selected and shaped to the task with a sound overview offered in the opening paragraph on which the candidate builds with close reference to the text, focusing on Gradgrind himself with an apposite quotation and a neat link to the ‘factories of Coketown’. To develop the views offered the candidate discusses Bitzer in contrast to Louisa and sees the effect of the use of the ‘fire’ and the concept of ‘wonder’, thus showing sound understanding of Dickens’s methods and how meaning is created for the reader. The second part of the essay in focusing on ‘fancy’ and Sleary’s circus is a less obvious choice of material for this task but is successfully adapted to the task by concentrating on Sissy and her inability to adapt to the Gradgrind system.

The influence of journalism and newspaper on the public sphere

The influence of journalism and newspaper on the public sphere Habermas developed the concept of the public sphere to mean that part of life, especially in social circles, where the population can exchange opinions on issues of significance to the common good, so as to form a public opinion. This public sphere is expressed when people gather together to debate issues that are with a political base. Habermas' effort rely on a characteristic historical moment when coffee houses, salons, and societies became the place of discussions during the 17th and 18th centuries and extends this phenomenon to an ideal of participation in the public sphere for today (Mayhew, 1997). The significance of the notion of public sphere lies in the process of debate, which must be modeled to a critical and rational discussion. That is to say that the discussion has rules where emotive language is avoided and focus is laid on the rationality of the contents being debated. The contributors are supposed to have a common attention in truth with no status differentials. Criticism is one component that is considered vital in this process such that the propositions are tested and the contributors or participants can make discovery through the process (Mayhew, 1997). Properties of journalism/newspapers that allowed a public sphere to emerge The media has played a critical role in the emergence of the public sphere. To start with, the press has a wide reach which allows more public participation. Sine early times, the newspaper journalism highlighted political controversies and development. The development of the newspaper in the 17th century was seen as an emergence of a critical organ of a public involved in vital political debate. The recent media has developed to the extent of commodifying news. In addition, publishers in early time took sides with loyalist or patriots. The news brought more controversy and kept the public informed of the political happenings. The editors more often than not created a sphere for political discussions. Changes to journalistic field and the newspapers that present the greatest challenges to a democratic public sphere The emergence of the mass press is based on the commercialization of the participation of the masses in the public sphere. As a result, this ‘extended’ public sphere lost much of its original political touch giving way to entertainment and commercialism. The role of newspapers as a traditional media has become increasingly problematic in today’s democracy. The gap between the democracy ideology and its practice is so conspicuous. The mass communication is lacking credibility in furtherance of democratic ideals. Many theorists have pointed out that newspaper and other journalistic channels separate people from one another and substitute themselves for older places of politics The newspaper has become active participants in the political process through their role in publicity, instead of reporting on the process itself. Furthermore the newspaper has become fundamental to political life. Political participants are required to regularly update with the media's requirement and plan their exposure actively; failure to do so they tend to fall quickly out of favor. Moreover, the lousy â€Å"media performers† assume the same failure. Public debates on television and the discussion columns in newspapers present little aspect of a critical-rational debate. (Thomson, 1995) Plebiscites, research in public opinion and opinion management do not provide a potential for democracy; they are adjunct to public administration rather than a true public discussion. That is they do not present a chance for discursive opinion formation. Manipulation of events is used to provide utmost televisual effects. Debates are modeled such that the extreme opinions clash in order to attain maximum impact and increase ratings. Elsewhere, there is little contribution in regard to the development of discursive public opinion or will. The choice of topics reflects the inclination to proprietal and commercial interests. Television programs that allow audience participation are directed to groups that are not significance for the public view. However, this admission does not guarantee any changes in the power structures within the society. So these programs provide just an illusion of involvement which arouses a feeling in the public that their democratic rights are exercised. As a result of the shifting communications environment, the public sphere is revealed as a platform for advertising. In the process, this realization has invaded the process of public opinion by methodically exploiting or creating news events that draw attention. Aspects of the current media system that present the greatest opportunity for the continuation or renewal of the public sphere The efforts to salvage the public sphere centre on making publicity a basis of logical consensus formation other than controlling popular opinion (Benson & Neveu, 2005). Traditional media can add into democratic functions through action as an agent of representation. The media should be organized to tolerate different social groups to articulate their outlook. In addition, the media should aid organizations to get support through publicity of impending causes and protests. That is the media should help these organizations operate as representatives medium of the supporters view. Presently, the internet presents a great opportunity to many of the things aforementioned. It has the capacity to extend participative democracy in a revitalized public sphere. The structure of the internet eliminates control by the conglomerate media organization. Many more people have access to internet opportunities and debate for the formation of political will. As well, the commodification of the internet is inevitable. However, the traditional media have vast resources and established audiences. The resources include money, expertise, research materials, and photographs while the audience is often willing to accept what they publish. (Mayhew, 1997) Conclusion A public opinion can only be formed if there is existence of a public that engages in rational discussion. The public opinion is a critical authority that balances social and political power and publicity can manipulate it so as to support products, programs, people and institutions. However, there has been a deterioration of the public a phenomenon which is fuelled primarily by publicists (Thomson, 1995). A person's individual point of view when solicited does not comprise the public sphere, since it include a process of opinion formation; for instance, a public opinion poll. Over the years, the notion of the public sphere has been used and linked to matters in media theory which include consumerism and commodification, culture and media ownership, surveillance and participative democracy, and desecration by public relations practitioners, virtual communities mapping, globalization and journalism in the future. The public sphere is still functional, although it is not and will not be the same. Its future lies within the digital media especially with the emergence of the internet phenomenon. (Thomson, 1995) References: Benson R. & Neveu, E (2005): Introduction: Field Theory as a work in progress. Pp1-25 Thomson, J.B. (1995): Advertising, public relations, and the problem of strategic communication, Media and Modernity. Pp119-148 Mayhew, L.H. (1997): The new public. Pp 189-235. New York: Cambridge University Press Thomson, J.B. (1995): Media and the development of modern society, Media and Modernity. Pp 1-80

Asylum Seekers

They are fleeing a situation where the Sri Lankan government is killing 1400 a week of the 300,000 detained in concentration camps. This is a horror that drives people to flee with nothing other than the clothes on their back, is what politicians and media have taken to calling a â€Å"push factor. There is absolutely nothing illegal about seeking asylum, about arriving without authorisation or papers, or about coming by unregistered boats as long as there is a legitimate reason states the United Nations. However the Australian Government still labels them illegal immigrants and places them in Detention Centres which in most cases results in the emotional and psychological damage to a refugee. In 2002, the Medical Journal of Australia described the extreme psychological and emotional damage done to people detained in immigration detention in Australia. The pattern they describe includes â€Å"the development of a psychological state characterised by severe depression, despair, hopelessness, paranoia, chronic rage, persecutory delusions, sub-syndromal psychosis, characterological change and persistent self harming behaviour†. In their sample, â€Å"all but one of the detained asylum seekers displayed symptoms of psychological distress at some time during their period of detention†. Eighty-five per cent had â€Å"chronic depressive symptoms† and sixty-five per cent had â€Å"pronounced ongoing suicidal ideation†. Refugees should not have to stay in conditions conducive to mental disorders and suicidal tendencies. If the Australian government wishes to fix the problem they should fix detention centres, make the facilities more humane and turn off the electric fence,( The electric fences around such centres are more harmful than that of Auschwitz concentration camp). The government should also provide faster processing of refugees so these people are not subjected to what is incarceration with committing a crime. In 2002 protesters tore down the fences of Woomera Detention Centre, assisting people inside to make a courageous and inspiring breakout. They would not hesitate to do it again. Asylum seeking is an issue that cuts right to the heart of everything that’s rotten and inhumane about capitalism – its racism, its hypocrisy, its brutality and its utter contempt for humanity. We should all stand firmly for the rights of asylum seekers. Asylum Seekers They are fleeing a situation where the Sri Lankan government is killing 1400 a week of the 300,000 detained in concentration camps. This is a horror that drives people to flee with nothing other than the clothes on their back, is what politicians and media have taken to calling a â€Å"push factor. There is absolutely nothing illegal about seeking asylum, about arriving without authorisation or papers, or about coming by unregistered boats as long as there is a legitimate reason states the United Nations. However the Australian Government still labels them illegal immigrants and places them in Detention Centres which in most cases results in the emotional and psychological damage to a refugee. In 2002, the Medical Journal of Australia described the extreme psychological and emotional damage done to people detained in immigration detention in Australia. The pattern they describe includes â€Å"the development of a psychological state characterised by severe depression, despair, hopelessness, paranoia, chronic rage, persecutory delusions, sub-syndromal psychosis, characterological change and persistent self harming behaviour†. In their sample, â€Å"all but one of the detained asylum seekers displayed symptoms of psychological distress at some time during their period of detention†. Eighty-five per cent had â€Å"chronic depressive symptoms† and sixty-five per cent had â€Å"pronounced ongoing suicidal ideation†. Refugees should not have to stay in conditions conducive to mental disorders and suicidal tendencies. If the Australian government wishes to fix the problem they should fix detention centres, make the facilities more humane and turn off the electric fence,( The electric fences around such centres are more harmful than that of Auschwitz concentration camp). The government should also provide faster processing of refugees so these people are not subjected to what is incarceration with committing a crime. In 2002 protesters tore down the fences of Woomera Detention Centre, assisting people inside to make a courageous and inspiring breakout. They would not hesitate to do it again. Asylum seeking is an issue that cuts right to the heart of everything that’s rotten and inhumane about capitalism – its racism, its hypocrisy, its brutality and its utter contempt for humanity. We should all stand firmly for the rights of asylum seekers.

Quantitative Decision Making-Transportation Essay

Quantitative Decision Making-Transportation - Essay Example An innovative approach namely the dual-matrix approach will be used to address the transportation problem. This approach will judge the transportation model beginning from a good realistic solution and using a matrix in order to get the subsequently improved solution until the most advantageous solution is attained. In this approach, the linear form of algebra will be adopted in order to work out the transportation problem. There will be the introduction of an innovative concept known as virtual cells in this approach (JI and CHU, 2002). This approach will attempt to be functional on both unbalanced and balanced transportation problems. There will no need to convert the unbalanced transportation problem to a balanced transportation problem as in the case of other approach named as stepping-stone method. In addition to this, the method of dual-matrix does not imply the problem of degeneracy. Furthermore, this approach entails the characteristic of no tracing of the path. On the contrary, it also absorbs a disadvantage that is, it requires an (m+n)x(m+n) matrix. However, this problem is not considered to be serious enough towards the enhanced computers of today and for a big level of transportation problem (JI and CHU, 2002). With the purpose of testing the effectiveness of the dual- matrix technique, numerous numerical instances will be performed. When these examples will be compared to the stepping-stone technique, the consequences will always determine and signify dual-matrix to be better relative to the stepping-stone. The degeneracy and tracing of path perhaps prove to be serious for a major transportation problem (JI and CHU, 2002). Major logistics companies have increasingly devoted their attention towards transporting issues of their businesses. This is mainly due to two aspects which include a reduction in cost and enhancement of customer service. There is a remarkable example of FedEx which offers a variety of logistics solutions to its customers. These services are categorized on the grounds of numerous kinds of customer requirements.  

MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Throughout my working experience, and also as a student, I found it easy and fun to work as a team. I efficiently manage to convince people and persuade them to do a certain task or job. While working at Mutira Malaysian Restaurant as a manager, I used to train and coach new staff. I taught them the required skills and their effective application which also included proper group coordination and aiding each other in the tasks. One has to be open to criticism to develop oneself personally and also professionally. Though, the word  criticism invokes a negative image in our minds but if taken positively it can be supportive and one of the sources of taking a person towards his/her success. Most people tend to take it as offensive, discouraging or insult and are unable to handle it without difficulty. And yes, criticism can make a person defensive, mad and nervous. (Naren, 2008) I used to have the same reaction to criticism but as the time passed, I learnt that a person cannot be perfe ct and somebody has to point out the flaws in him. Different people have different knowledge and perspectives about the way the world works. Each person can help to bring a unique and distinctive perspective to the table. Listening to this perspective and acting upon it may help to make the work better. Interacting with people and developing sociable contacts has always been a dominant character of mine. I always feel very comfortable while learning about people and in carrying out conversations. It gives me a sense of affiliation. While working at Sheraton Hotels as a service waiter, I managed to serve people while providing them with an effectual and interactive experience. For teams to work effectively, the right people have to be selected to ensure effective performance of the team. The members are usually chosen on the basis of individuals’ willingness and group expectations. But at times, it may happen that the members are not working with enough enthusiasm and they nee d some motivation or inspiration to make them work to their full potential. I can facilitate people to bring out the best in them as I am capable of relating to them and making them comfortable. Only when each and every member of the team is working effectively and efficiently can an organization expect to reap the benefits of faster production, increased revenue, lower costs and improved qualities. There are six basic requirements of team members in order to be effectively working together. 1. Each member of the must be keen to support the team mission and work towards achieving team goals. 2. All members of the team should understand their role within the team, and should also be well aware of what skills, abilities, and knowledge they have to contribute to ensure team's success. 3. The members must be willing to decide unanimously about team principles, ground rules and their code of conduct. 4. All members must commit to working within the team's priorities and plans, including training deemed essential for the team and presence at meetings. 5. Members must be willing to work collaboratively and enthusiastically on problem-solving and should not be resistant change as part of process improvement. 6. Team members should be respectful of each other, establish both accountability and trust within the team and welcome diversity. (Lee, 2011) When working in a team, the members have different roles, some are self oriented, while others take the role team maintenance or task facilitators. Self

Mining group gold Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mining group gold - Coursework Example When an individual is working on particular situation and parameter, the facilitator is required to work along to develop motivation and passion of his or her team to construct his leadership within that situation and task so that he or she may do adaptation depending on his or her maturity level. Facilitator should guide the process through the following order. Once facts are identified and analyzed then final stage of solution comes. The meeting group is set to conclude some solutions in this stage and select one of those solutions and take decisions to implement it. Team is generally known as people in a group, combining their knowledge, experience and expertise for one particular work and purpose for which it has been formalized. Specific task performed by the team members is termed as â€Å"TEAMWORK†. Importance of teams within an organization is follows like: b. If individuals within the team have proper coordination will have will help to accomplish much more than an individual can achieve the organization objective. This is the important reason for an organization to focus on group work instead of working individually. The mining group gold processes are includes a strong and proven techniques that can help the organization to maintain team environment within the organization and maintain cultural diversity. A good relationship within the team will give better opportunities to the organization for it survival and

Is it reasonable to conclude that aggression is an inevitable and Essay

Is it reasonable to conclude that aggression is an inevitable and inescapable part of our lives Discuss with reference to psychological theory and research - Essay Example (cited in Angell and Banks, 1984, p. 115) This argument follows the line of thinking that men, left to their natural state, will be at each other’s throats, and life will be nasty, brutish and short. For Hobbes, this constant conflict stemmed from the nature of man which is characterized by selfishness, greed and a perpetual concern with satisfying his own desires. Religion reinforces this thought as it emphasizes that the aggressive nature of man is a consequence of his falling from divine grace in the Garden of Eden. It was St. Augustine who explored this aspect immensely, taking particular note on man’s capacity for mayhem and slaughter. On psychological perspective, there are numerous theories that seek to explain the incidence – the origins and triggers – of human aggression. Foremost of these are the instinct theories, which treat aggression as one of the human instincts or that innate tendency to behave in a certain way. Freud, for one, argued that we are born with two opposing instincts: the life instinct and the death instinct; and that the latter leads us to be aggressive. (Cashman, 1999, p. 15) For Freud, aggressiveness is linked to how life instinct counters death instinct and that the drive created by the conflict of these instincts is channeled away from the self and toward others. Overt aggression is hence an outcome of internal aggressive drives and that a person drives satisfaction by releasing or venting it to other people. (Zillmann, 1979, p. 116) Freudian analogy places the release of aggression drives as a human need though not necessarily overt aggression or aggression towards other people. Another psychological school which believes that aggression is part of human nature is ethology or the study of the animal behavior. In the ethological perspective, humans evolved with a fighting instinct and that it occurred through

Interantional Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interantional Business - Essay Example The panel should act objectively while conforming to the WTO agreements in finding a solution that would resolve the dispute (August 2004). Procedure: The facts in this case arose from the World Trade Organization (WTO), Dispute Settlement Panel, in which several countries that included Canada, the European Union, and the United States alleges that Japan imposed lower taxes on shochu (locally produced alcoholic beverage) than other imported alcoholic beverage, like vodka in violation of Article III, paragraph 2, of the 1994 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (August, 2004). The case reached this point based on the report by the panel claiming that the GATT Article III.2 is inconsistent with the Japanese Liquor Tax. The GATT Article III.2 indicates that a product imported should be subject directly or indirectly to internal taxes or other internal charges in excess of those applied, like domestic products (August, 2004). Issue(s): The legal issues surrounding this case begins with the recognition of the Article III.2 where it states, "so as to afford protection" as depicted in Article III.1 (August, 2004).

ADHD Facts and Myths Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ADHD Facts and Myths - Research Paper Example A larger proportion of the findings categorizes the aspects of ADHP as of inattention category and the remaining claims the presence of hyperactivity-impulsivity in the behavior a child. A number of symptoms are identified from the basic reflective features for the easy identification of the child’s conducts that basically result the inferior learning process and overall behavioral disorder that distinguishes an ADHD affected child from his peer equals. Ever since the researches began, there have been many assumptions and findings about the reasons and consequences of ADHD; however, most of such conflicting opinions have greatly contributed in having the studies a myths-and-facts image. Diagnosis for the ADHD is no easy after the child grows older, because the significance of the preexisting disorders may not be exhibited in its routine activities related to study, work or relationships. Many scientists and psychologists are of the view that the issue that runs through the fam ily which develops in the later stages of brain development. Since it is the most largely identified disorder in child behavior, researchers have explored the causes and risk factors involved in AHDH and assessed that a number of problems like depression, insomnia and learning impairments as part of it. They suggest that an early consultation with a doctor for ADHS suspected children for their rescue from further development of behavioral and health issues that may seriously damage the personality of the child in the future. Some studies say that â€Å"the adolescent and adult populations with ADHD also demonstrate significantly different profiles from those of their normally achieving peers† (Gregg & Deshler, 23).† The symptoms present in the suspected cases are mainly the visible comprehensive disorder, laziness in learning, severe impatience in the classroom, higher level demonstration of energy while playing, constant nature of interrupting the speech etc. Although this problem is easily ignored by the teachers and parents as a stage of growth, many teenagers feel depressed during the period of abstinence from attentiveness of their respective listeners of their ideas. Observers are of the opinion that â€Å"it is very important for adolescent to feel that they have been listened to and understood and that their opinions have been taken seriously, because in the past their ideas may have often been discounted by adults† (Robin, 506). There are several tests for identifying the affected cases. The American Academy of Pediatricians (AAP) has advised that the children below 7 years of age be observed with the indicative symptoms for over six months and for the older children, parent-teacher interviews, IQ and psychological testing and other forms of competitive mental and developmental examinations (â€Å"Attention deficit hyperactivity..) Though this problem can be addressed and managed with medication and behavior therapy by experts in this field. From the parental angle, the child should be guaranteed enough sleep and praise for good behavior. Experts warn that any negligence in treating the ADHD affected children may take them to a more complicated life style in the future such as alcoholism, academic failure, inconsistent job preferences and acute disgust towards the law. Moreover, the height of degree of impulsive behavior may cause them severe damage in the peer relationship. There has been a lot of conflicting information developed from the evaluation of such identified issues of ADHD related problems. The factors contributing to such an intellectual debate

Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination in the Workplace Essay

Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination in the Workplace - Essay Example 3-6). People of either gender have come under common discrimination factor in areas of not only jobs but also trainings and wages or salaries are also the universal aspects of discrimination, regardless of their capabilities, competence, or skills. This practice is not only limited to underdeveloped countries but urbanized nations also practice the same to great extent (Cleveland, Stockdale and  Murphy, 2000, pp. 3-6). Until the twenty first century, the subject matter of gender discrimination with reference to diversity management has not come under limelight by the researches and very little information came under provision. In fact, the diversity management only came under reference to elucidate how the employees would come under administration and management to the organizational culture on an international and local basis. However, as time passed by, this matter came into numerous discussions and studies (Klarsfeld, 2010, pp. 101-102). Diversity Management" is one of the tacti cs and approaches that can promote and uphold the opinions, acceptance, and execution of diversity or multiplicity within organisations. Diversity is a method that emerge the creativity and innovation amongst people as every individual belongs to different social, national, and ethnic background with different skills. Indeed, diversity management has come under perception as a primary source of development and growth in the today's competitive world (Wrench, 2007, pp. 18-19). The following theses paper would include how diversity management pertaining to gender discrimination help to make the workplace a better environment for all, a wide range of theories defining the gender discrimination at workplace. In addition, the report would also state how men and woman are different in the workplace, the characteristics of gender, and types of sexism in the workplace. Based on the empirical studies, recommendations for HR managers and employees would also take account into the report. Lite rature Review Discrimination is one of leading unfair conduct that demoralizes the person to great extent that might even devastate his or her personality. However, it has come under observation that females are the majority coming under the adverse impacts of discrimination in every facet of life. This might be because the men have always come under reflection as the breadwinners of the families and women only comes under supposition to take care of all the matters related to household like cooking, taking care of children and many other. Gender discrimination at workplace can have several forms, which includes sexual harassment, wages, or salaries inequality, unfairness based on job descriptions, and a plentiful of others (Gregory, 2003, pp. 1-5). On a general perception, employers look for people who can best match with the job descriptions, for instance, a male person comes as a first choice when technical, manual or production work is the primary requirement, however, employers seek for female staff for the job of public relations or