ENTREPRENEURSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enterprise - Essay Example e prime plan of this report is to break down the innovative conduct of a café proprietor who is showing an eatery business to directing up close and personal meeting with a predefined set of inquiries. While distinguishing the basis of setting up this report, it is to be avowed that today, food industry is one of the developing divisions and consequently urged the entrepreneurs to set up cafés with the point of gaining more benefit (Palo Alto Software, 2015). Along these lines, there exists a high rivalry in the midst of the eateries, as this shows up under the classification of ‘perfectly serious market’. It is along these lines essential for a café proprietor to choose the objective clients and attempt to satisfy their necessities according to their requests. Enterprise indicates the preparation and the capacity of a business person to build up and deal with a business alongside the dangers engaged with it with the aim of winning greatest benefit (Harvard Business Publishing, 2015). A business visionary is answerable for building up a plan of action and securing fundamental assets that are required for maintaining a business in a productive way (2Entrepreneur Media Inc, 2015). Business people are properly viewed as the pioneers who consistently want to face challenges and actualize the open doors got from the market by methods for improving existing items/administrations (Brooks, 2015). Corresponding to a café business, the enterprise hypothesis or model in a general sense speaks to specific abilities including the administration and group building aptitudes that are considered as the initiative characteristics, which esteemed to be very fundamental for the business people to get more prominent achievement. In any case, one of the significant components of enterprise hypothesis with regards to eatery business is simply the enthusiasm for directing business and staying self roused all through the business or operational procedure (Kuratko, 2013). Corresponding to the café business, the enterprise hypothesis speaks to the way that

10 Astonishing Facts About House Flies

10 Astonishing Facts About House Flies The house fly, Musca domestica, might be the most widely recognized creepy crawly weâ encounter. Be that as it may, what amount do you really think about the house fly? Here are 10 entrancing realities about house flies: 1. House Flies Live Almost Everywhere There Are People In spite of the fact that accepted to be local to Asia, house flies currently possess almost every edge of the globe. Except for Antarctica and maybe a couple of islands, house flies live wherever individuals do. House flies are synanthropic creatures, which means they advantage environmentally from their relationship with people and our tamed creatures. As people from the beginning of time headed out to new grounds by transport, plane, train, or pony drawn wagon, house flies were their movement friends. On the other hand, house flies are seldom found in the wild or in places where people are missing. Should mankind stop to exist, house flies may share our destiny. 2. House Flies Are Relatively Young Insects in the World As a request, genuine flies are old animals that showed up on Earth during the Permian time frame, more than 250 million years prior. In any case, house flies appear to be moderately youthful, contrasted with their Dipteran cousins. The soonest known Musca fossils are just 70 million years of age. This proof proposes the nearest progenitors of house flies showed up during the Cretaceous time frame, not long before the notorious shooting star tumbled from the sky and, some state, set off the termination of the dinosaurs. 3. House Flies Multiply Quickly Were it not for ecological conditions and predation, marry be invaded by house flies. Musca domestica has a short life cycle †only 6 days if conditions are correct †and a female house fly lays a normal of 120 eggs one after another. Researchers once determined what might occur if a solitary pair of flies had the option to repeat unbounded or mortality to their posterity. The outcome? Those two flies, in only 5 months time, would deliver 191,010,000,000,000,000,000 house flies, enough to cover the planet a few meters down. 4. House Flies Don't Travel Far and Aren't Fast Hear that humming sound? That is the quick development of a house flys wings, which can thump to 1,000 times each moment. That is no grammatical error. It might shock you to learn, at that point, that theyre for the most part moderate fliers, keeping up a speed of about 4.5 miles every hour. House flies move when natural conditions urge them to do as such. In urban zones, where individuals live in closeness and there is a lot of trash and other rottenness to be discovered, house flies have little regions and may just fly 1,000 meters or thereabouts. Be that as it may, rustic house flies will meander far and wide looking for compost, concealing to 7 miles after some time. The longest flight separation recorded for a house fly is 20 miles. 5. House Flies Make Their Living in Filth House flies feed and breed in the things we berate: trash, creature manure, sewage, human dung, and other dreadful substances. Musca domestica is presumably the most popular and generally regular of the creepy crawlies we aggregately allude to as rottenness flies. In rural or provincial territories, house flies are likewise abundant in fields where fish dinner or excrement is utilized as manure, and in fertilizer loads where grass clippings and decaying vegetables aggregate. 6. House Flies Are on an All-Liquid Diet House flies have wipe like mouthparts, which are useful for absorbing melted substances yet not for eating strong nourishments. In this way, the house fly either searches out food that is now in puddle structure, or it figures out how to transform the food source into something it can oversee. This is the place things get sort of gross. At the point when a house fly finds something delectable yet strong, it disgorges onto the food (which might be your food, if its humming around your grill). The fly regurgitation contains stomach related catalysts that go to chip away at the ideal tidbit, rapidly predigesting and condensing it so the fly can lap it up. 7. House Flies Taste With Their Feet How do flies conclude something is tantalizing? They step on it! Like butterflies, house flies have their taste buds on their toes, in a manner of speaking. Taste receptors, called chemosensilla, are situated at the furthest parts of the bargains tibia and tarsa (in less complex terms, the lower leg and foot). The second they land on something of intrigue †your trash, a heap of pony fertilizer, or maybe your lunch †they begin examining its flavor by strolling around. 8. House Flies Transmit a Lot of Diseases Since house flies flourish in places that are abounding with pathogens, they have a propensity for conveying ailment making specialists with them from place. A house fly will arrive on a heap of canine crap, examine it completely with its feet, and afterward fly over to your outdoor table and stroll around on your cheeseburger bun for a piece. Their food and reproducing locales are as of now flooding with microorganisms, and afterward they upchuck and poop on them to add to the wreckage. House flies are known to transmit at any rate 65 ailments and contaminations, including cholera, looseness of the bowels, giardiasis, typhoid, uncleanliness, conjunctivitis, salmonella, and some more. 9. House Flies Can Walk Upside Down You likely realized that as of now, yet do you know how they play out this gravity-challenging accomplishment? Slow movement video shows that a house fly will move toward a roof by executing a half move, and afterward will stretch out its legs to reach the substrate. Every one of the house flys legs bears a tarsal hook with a clingy cushion of sorts, so the fly can grasp practically any surface, from smooth window glass to a roof. 10. House Flies Poop a Lot Theres a colloquialism, Never crap where you eat. Wise counsel, most would state. Since house flies live on a fluid eating regimen (see #6), things move rather rapidly through their stomach related tracts. About each time a house fly terrains, it craps. So notwithstanding regurgitating on anything it thinks may make a scrumptious supper, the house fly quite often does crap where it eats. Remember that next time one contacts down on your potato serving of mixed greens. Sources: The Encyclopedia of Entomology, second version, altered by John L. Capinera.Encyclopedia of Insects, second release, altered by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Carde.Vector Control: Methods for Use by Individuals and Communities, by Jan A. Rozendaal, World Health Organization.Physicians Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, sixth release, by Jerome Goddard.Elements of Entomology, by Dr. Rajendra Singh.Time Flies, a New Molecular Time-Scale for Brachyceran Fly Evolution Without a Clock, in Systematic Biology, 2003.

Important Facts and Statistics about COPD

Important Facts and Statistics about COPD Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print Key Facts and Statistics About COPD By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on August 20, 2015 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 06, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a term that has been assigned to a group of life-threatening lung diseases that affect normal breathing. They are: Chronic bronchitisEmphysemaRefractory (non-reversible) asthmaSome forms of bronchiectasis   Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD and accounts for approximately 80% of all cases in the United States today. Breathing in other pollutants at home or in the workplace, respiratory infections and even genetic factors can also play a part in developing COPD, but by and large, it is a cigarette smokers disease. Secondhand smoke can also be a significant contributor to COPD, even if the person breathing it in has never smoked. Statistics Lets take a look at some of the statistics associated with this common group of diseases. In 2012, approximately 3 million people lost their lives to COPD around the world.  That number represents 6% of all deaths globally for that year.COPD is the third leading cause of death in the U.S, beaten only by cancer (2nd leading cause) and heart disease (leading cause).  Globally, it is the 5th leading cause of death.Estimates  are that by the year 2030, COPD will rise to the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide unless urgent action isnt taken to reduce tobacco use.Upwards of 24 million people suffer from some form of COPD currently in America, but only about half that number have been diagnosed.  Many people with breathing problems dont realize they are the result of COPD.Approximately 65 million people worldwide have moderate to severe COPD, according to the World Health Organization.More than 90% of COPD-related deaths occur in low and middle-income countries.COPD is more common in American women (6.7%) than men (5.2)  today.Female smokers are 13 times more likely to die of COPD than women who have never smoked. For men, the risk is 12 times that of their non-smoking male counterparts.Women are diagnosed  with chronic bronchitis at approximately twice the rate of men.  In 2011,  6.8 million women had chronic bronchitis compared to 3.3 million men in the same time period.Emphysema used to primarily affect men, but not any longer.  Women outrank men here as well currently, with 2.6 million cases of emphysema reported in 2011, compared to 2.1 million for men.Emphysema is usually slow to develop.  Of the 4.7 million cases ever reported, more than 90% of them were in people who were 45 years or older.In the United States, one in five hospitalizations of people over the age of 40 is due to COPD.  Over 800,000 hospitalizations each year in the U.S. are related to COPD.Both Alabama and Kentucky have COPD prevalence rates that are over 9%.It is estimated that 90% of people with COPD are current or former smokers. The most common symptoms of COPD are feelings of breathlessness (like you cannot get enough air), a chronic cough, and abnormal sputum/mucus in the airways.  If you are concerned that you might have COPD, please see your doctor right away. The unfortunate truth is that COPD is not curable.  It is possible to slow or stop the progression of the disease if it is diagnosed early, however, and proactive measures are taken to halt exposure to the irritants causing the problem. Quit Smoking Today Make the commitment to put smoking behind you for good.  The work it takes to quit is minor when compared to the benefits that will come into your life once youre free of nicotine addiction.

Chinese Vocabulary Restaurant Dining

Chinese food is popular world-wide, but nothing beats the real deal. If you travel to China or Taiwan, you will undoubtedly want to sample the fabulous cuisine. There is a range of Michelin star restaurants like Ryugin Taipei  in Taipei or Tang Court in Shanghai. Of course, there are also more affordable but equally as delicious restaurants, eating halls, and food stalls that are scattered throughout.   This list of restaurant dining vocabulary will help you communicate with waiting staff so you can express any dietary preferences. That way you can order a dish that you will enjoy! Or do you need another pair of chopsticks or an extra napkin? You can ask for these items after learning these new words. Click on the link in the Pinyin column to hear the audio file. General Terms English Pinyin Traditional Simplified restaurant cÄ n tÄ «ng é ¤ Ã¥ » ³ é ¤ Ã¥Å½â€¦ waiter / waitress fà º wà ¹ yuà ¡n æÅ" Ã¥â€¹â„¢Ã¥â€˜Ëœ æÅ" Ã¥Å  ¡Ã¥â€˜Ëœ menu cà  i dÄ n è Å"Ã¥â€" ® è Å"Ã¥ â€¢ beverage yÇ n lià  o é £ ²Ã¦â€"â„¢ é ¥ ®Ã¦â€"â„¢ get the check mÇŽi dÄ n è ² ·Ã¥â€" ® ä ¹ °Ã¥ â€¢ Utensils   English Pinyin Traditional Simplified spoon tÄ ng chà ­ æ ¹ ¯Ã¥Å'â„¢ æ ± ¤Ã¥Å'â„¢ fork chÄ  zi Ã¥ â€°Ã¥ ­  " knife dÄ o zi 刀å ­  " chopsticks kuà  i zi ç ­ ·Ã¥ ­  " napkin cÄ n jÄ «n é ¤ Ã¥ · ¾ " glass / cup bÄ“i zi æ  ¯Ã¥ ­  " bowl wÇŽn ç ¢â€" " plate pà ¡n zi ç› ¤Ã¥ ­  盘å ­  Dietary Restrictions English Pinyin Traditional Simplified I am vegetarian. WÇ’ chÄ « sà ¹. 我å Æ'ç ´  Ã¯ ½ ¡ " I cannot eat†¦ WÇ’ bà ¹nà ©ng chÄ « †¦ 我ä ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã¥ Æ'†¦ " Food Items and Ingredients English Pinyin Traditional Simplified salt yà ¡n é ¹ ½ ç›  MSG wà ¨i jÄ «ng å‘ ³Ã§ ² ¾ " pork zhÃ… « rà ²u è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€° çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€° spicy food là   è ¾ £ " sugar tà ¡ng ç ³â€" " Here is some more vocabulary for Chinese food. Sentence Examples   Now that you have learned these new Mandarin vocabulary words, lets put them together. Here are a few sentences you may often hear in a restaurant. You can try saying them yourself or use create your own sentences. Fà ºwà ¹yuà ¡n, wÇ’ kÄ›yÇ  zà  i nà ¡ yÄ «shuÄ ng kuà  izi ma?æÅ" Ã¥â€¹â„¢Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥â€  Ã¦â€¹ ¿Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã©â€ºâ„¢Ã§ ­ ·Ã¥ ­ Ã¥â€"ŽæÅ" Ã¥Å  ¡Ã¥â€˜ËœÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥â€  Ã¦â€¹ ¿Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å'ç ­ ·Ã¥ ­ Ã¥ â€"Waiter, can I get another pair of chopsticks? WÇ’ bà ¹yà  o wà ¨ijÄ «ng。我ä ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥â€˜ ³Ã§ ² ¾Ã£â‚¬â€šI dont want MSG. WÇ’ hÄ›n xÇ huan chÄ « zhÃ… «rà ²u!我å ¾Ë†Ã¥â€"Å"æ ­ ¡Ã¥ Æ'è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€°!我å ¾Ë†Ã¥â€"Å"æ ¬ ¢Ã¥ Æ'çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€°!I really like to eat pork!

Commonly Confused Words Seam and Seem

The words seam and seem are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The noun seam refers to a line formed by sewing together two pieces of material, or to any line or mark like this. The noun seam may also refer to a thin layer of coal, ore, etc. As a verb, seam means to join together to form a seam. The verb seem means to appear or to give the impression of being something. Examples If you can sew a straight seam on a sewing machine, you can make a quilt in just a day or two.The shoulder seams of the mans blue waffle-weave jacket were visibly straining; around the brace was tied a necktie, which reached only a third of the way down his chest.(Gish Jen, Birthmates. Ploughshares, 1995)Historical research is often rather like mining: the researcher finds a rich seam of ore and keeps digging until the lode is exhausted.(John Tully, Silvertown. NYU Press, 2014)After the attack, the battleship seemed to be spouting flames at every seam.Once she had pampered her students, singing them songs, letting them call her at home even, and ask personal questions. but now she was losing sympathy. They were beginning to seem different. They were beginning to seem demanding and spoiled.(Lorrie Moore, Youre Ugly, Too. The New Yorker, 1990)The street looks tremendous. People on the far side seem tiny and archaic, dwarfed by the great sky and the windy clouds like pedestrians in old prints.(Walker Percy, The Moviegoer, 1961) Idiom Alerts Bursting at the SeamsThe expression bursting at the seams means very full or crowded.- His long hair hung like rags in the heat; his clothes were much washed and faded to pastel colors. His suitcase, a canvas affair, repeated his worn appearance and was bursting at the seams.(Paul Theroux, The Great Railway Bazaar. Houghton Mifflin, 1975)- The house burst at the seams, and hilarious pandemonium reigned. Chinese Lady, Emily and Tommy, up at six in the morning, had spent until ten oclock preparing the wedding breakfast for fifty and more people.(Mary Jane Staples, Down Lambeth Way. Corgi, 1988)Coming Apart at the SeamsThe idiom to come (or fall) apart at the seams means to be weak or in poor condition and close to the point of collapse.- Looking around me in the months after my return from New York, I saw a city falling apart at the seams, torn by political strife and civil unrest, a city eaten alive by greed and envy.(Rupert Smith, I Must Confess. Cleis Press, 2007)- Lepski hung up. H e walked, heavy footed, out to his car and headed back to headquarters. He felt as if his ambitious little world had come apart at the seams.(James Hadley Chase, You Must Be Kidding. Robert Hale, 1979) Practice (a) Conflict and anger are often not about what they _____ to be about on the surface.(b) Marcie took out a penknife and ripped open the _____ of her jacket.(c) Uncle Willie didnt _____ to notice that Mr. Taylor was oblivious to everything he said.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) Answers to Practice Exercises: Seam and Seem (a) Conflict and anger are often not about what they seem to be about on the surface.(b) Marcie took out a penknife and ripped open the seam of her jacket.(c) Uncle Willie didnt seem to notice that Mr. Taylor was oblivious to everything he said.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)

Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people Free Essays

string(53) " If alcoholics stopped drinking they do seem to die\." Young people are also more likely to start mocking If their friends or family are smokers. The present study Is a quantitative research with young adult smokers (at the xx Learning Centre) based on focus group discussions where a range of smoking-related topics were covered. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sample The sample in this study included 6 males and 4 females, aged between 13 and 17 years, 7 smokers and 2 non-smokers. Of this group of adolescents only 2 parents are non-smokers. My aim was to maximize variation in our sample to include young men and women, smokers and non-smokers, and different age categories. My discourse analytic perspective here concentrates on talk between speakers and allows me to highlight how meanings around smoking and health are worked up. Debated and disputed in the group. Informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the Focus group interview (Appendix A and B). The focus group took place in the â€Å"Unanimous† Learning Centre. For anonymity reasons the name of the participants have been changed. 3. Procedure In this study we used two focus groups of five participants each. Focus groups mimic ‘natural’ peer groups, so that the data will likely be authentic, rich and Informative. Focus groups have long been used In social science research, Including psychology (Crossly, 2000; Wilkinson, 2003), and can be particularly useful in identifying both diverse individual accounts and prevailing social factors which influence and constrain actions. In the context of young people and smoking, focus group research allows us to gain access to the multiplicity of perspectives presented and will also illuminate how accounts are constructed and negotiated within peer groups. Participants were given a number of prompts about their views on smoking, such as Please tell me why you believe you started smoking’ and ‘Please tell me what role you believe smoking/not smoking plays in your life’. Participants were encouraged to discuss these views among themselves, with minimal input from the facilitator. The discussion, which lasted around forty minute for each group, was recorded and then transcribed verbatim. 4. Analysis Health was generally not cited as a major concern for our young people, and was not participants seemed much more concerned with the financial burden engendered by smoking. When the topic of health risks was brought up, there was a general tendency o downplay or discount these. Moreover, it was claimed that smoking could function effectively as a form of stress relief, even when the stress is engendered by exposure to smoking-related health scares, either in the media or within families. The two discursive patterns are formulated as follows: ‘ Everything is bad for you now: Contesting smoking-related health risks ‘It does make you feel better’: Smoking as stress-relief 4. 1 . ‘Everything is bad for you now: Contesting smoking-related health risks Contesting smoking-related health risks arioso strategies were deployed which endured the health risks linked to smoking as exaggerated, a ploy which clearly works to rationalist and uphold current smoking – a way of misusing the self from the specter of illness and mortality. For example, other mundane practices are cited which involve risk, and life itself is presented as saturated with risk: Nicola – Mimi like to think yourself that you’re not going to get cancer, I mean, they’re saying that cancer is caused by all these different things 0 1 mean who’s to say that smoking is definitely the worst one? † In this excerpt there is some recognition of risk but then other organogenesis are alluded to and the dedicated link between smoking and cancer is undermined (Whoso to say? ). Thus, smoking is construed as nothing special, Just one of any number of possible causes of cancer (so many things’), and therefore not worthy of disproportionate attention. E. Generalizes the notion of risk – ‘everything is bad for you now – so that living per SE becomes inured with risk, something that affects ‘everyone’. Note the extreme case formulations which litter this extract: ‘ all these different things’; ‘So, smoking is part of life and is practiced with care. Facilitator: So, are health concerns an issue? Simon: Well, yeah. Not really, I suppose, because sometimes you feel like crap because your lungs are hurting, because you’ve been caning it all weekend, but you think, well you might give up smoking, give up drinking, give up anything – and then get knocked down by a bus, but 0 if you’re going to stop everything that you enjoy, well what’s the point of living forever? You know what I mean? Aaron: But don’t you, sometimes you Just think Well, what’s the point of it? You’re Just breathing in horrible smoke into your body Simon: It’s like what’s the point of drinking? It’s fun! The health risks of smoking are conceded, with reference to current, minor symptoms. However, smoking is likened to other pleasurable activities (e. G. ‘drinking’) and anything/’everything you enjoy so that living is defined in terms of enjoyment over risk, the emphasis is on fun’ and not denying oneself gratification – even if it means a shorter life-span or inhaling ‘horrible smoke’. Bob: A guy, a guy I went to school with was cross country champion for our county, and he used to smoke like twenty a day [laughs] He used to smoke loads of weed and that, and he used to run for ages [laughs] (. You see someone like that, it’s Just like, whoa! So, citing cases, where smoking has not impeded sporting performance, undermines claims about the deleterious health consequences of smoking and helps Justify continued smoking. The case of the cross-country champion cited by Bob is also interesting because impressive, and further contesting the connection between smoking and not being healthy. Lucas I knew somebody who used to smoke ten a day when they were about eighty-odd and have a glass of brandy every day 0 and when they got put in a nursing home they took it all off her and within weeks she were dead. Tara: It’s like alcoholics, isn’t it? If alcoholics stopped drinking they do seem to die. You read "Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people" in category "Papers" In this extract, the dangers of stopping smoking are emphasizes, thereby inverting the ‘normalizing about taking up or continuing smoking. Facilitator: What are the health worries you might have about smoking? Bob: Cancer David: None, ‘coos I know a guy that lived until he was 23 and Just dropped dead. He didn’t smoke and didn’t drink. You know, the way I see it, you only live once – you might as well do it, haven’t you. Here Bobby’s immediate response concerning health fears is not taken up as the others proceed to reject this pre-occupation. David immediately invokes the case of a non-smoker who died suddenly as a means of challenging the link between smoking and ill-health. The randomness of life then becomes a key theme, which again works to rationalist current smoking. As one participant put it: ‘it Just shows that you’re having a good time, you know, drinking and having a cigarette, and it Just kind of ties in together’ (Kate). Here, smoking (and drinking) is inextricably tied to enjoyment, an automatic indicator of ‘good times’. 4. 2. ‘It does make you feel better’: Smoking as stress-relief A very predominant theme cross all discussions was the benefits of smoking in terms of stress relief, arising from various sources: Tara: It does make you feel better when you’ve been sat there and you’ve Just been in class, and you Just think ‘Oh, I’m going to go for a bag, and you go down and you have it, it does give you some kind of buzz, because it does definitely chill you out a bit, doesn’t it. Rachel: It gives me a couple of minutes and just chills me out, like if something that had upset me, like my family, Vie been thrown out of my house and that’s the reason why I started smoking a lot more because of more stress and stuff. I do think that having a cigarette makes me relax a bit. Tara: At the moment I don’t want to [stop smoking] because I do see smoking as helping me chill out a bit – I mean, if I didn’t I’d be a tiger! Rachel: Vie actually been told by my doctor not to stop smoking – he says its got anger management, it calms me down. Both participants point to the grim consequences of not smoking I. E. Uncontaminated irritability. Earache’s claim is warranted with reference to an authoritative source (a medic), which is culturally garnished with expertise. Rachel: Yes, that’s the reason I first started smoking again, because I’d stopped smoking for so Eng and my dad gave up smoking, and my dad’s been smoking since he was twelve, and he stopped for six month and then he had a heart attack. You would expect that to make me think ‘Right, need to stop smoking, or whatever, but straight away I went ‘Mum, give us a bag, because I honestly didn’t know what to do and I needed something to concentrate on – it gives you something to think about other than what’s going on around you. In summary, smoking is popularly constructed as a positive resource in times of stress, whether provoked by , arguments with friends and family, school, and paradoxically , exposure to smoking-related disease within families. 5. Conclusions smokers since, from the focus groups shows that smoking is understood as a rational choice (rather than, say, addiction) conferring benefits (stress relief, enjoyment). This finding is in line with other research on ‘alternative rationalities’ (Crossly, 2000) with adult smokers. However we should take in consideration that the qualitative research literature on smoking deploys a range of methods while in this study we analyze the young people smoking practices within a social (focus group) context. Smoking is explicitly linked to pleasure and relaxation (often tied to drinking contexts – see also Johnson et al. , 2000). Our participants also link other lifestyle practices to risk and they see life itself as a risk where preoccupation with smoking-related or any other problems is deemed excessive and paralyzing. To some extent, it is fair to say that our sample construed risky smoking as necessary to cope with their family/friends/ environment pressure. Overall our analysis points to the various ways in which the young smokers skillfully deflect the concerns of a health-conscious culture. It gaslights how, in a period of increasing pressure on smokers to quit, the young people in our focus group have created a series of complex and creative accounts to defend and preserve what is clearly perceived as an important social practice. Surely our young smokers are expressing ‘unrealistic optimism’ (Weinstein, 1984), that is ‘inaccurate’ perceptions of risk and susceptibility in relation to smoking and illness. For example some participants claimed that major health problems have not yet appeared (e. G. Current health is emphasizes) and that illness can be avoided by individual action (I. E. Tinting smoking in the near future). By contrast, psychosocial research, which conceptualizes smokers’ talk, helps us to appreciate how smoking is rationalized within relevant social groups (in this case young adults in educational settings), as well as highlighting the creativity and sophistication of lay accounts. In turn, attention to the grounded disc ourse of smokers may well help inform more effective health promotion interventions (Crossly, 2000). To build on the current analysis, future work could include ‘street’ interviews with young smokers in the public places where smoking is popularly practiced (e. Designated smoking areas at university, in pubs). This ‘live’ context might prove especially illuminating in terms of the discourses reproduced with respect to how smoking is defended while people are engaged in the act of smoking. As well, it would be informative to examine patterns of naturally occurring conversation between young adult smokers where they gather. Such research would complement our focus group study by determining when and how health is introduced as a concern by younger people themselves and examining how such concerns are negotiated. How to cite Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people, Papers

Review Case free essay sample

Review the data-flow diagrams you developed for questions in the Petrie’s Electronics case at the end of Chapter 6 (or diagrams given to you by your instructor). Study the data flows and data stored on these diagrams and decide whether you agree with the team’s conclusion that the only six entity types needed are listed in the case and in PE Figure 7-1. If you disagree, define additional entity types, explain why they are necessary, and modify PE Figure 7-1 accordingly.Answer will vary. Any additional entities should be properly modeled in an E-R diagram similar to Figure 7-1. 2. Again, review the DFDs you developed for the Petrie’s Electronics case (or those given to you by your instructor). Use these DFDs to identify the attributes of each of the six entities listed in this case plus any additional entities identified in your answer to Question 1. Write an unambiguous definition for each attribute. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, redraw PE Figure 7-1 by placing the six (and additional) entities in this case on the diagram along with their associated attributes. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 3. Using your answer to Question 2, designate which attribute or attributes form the identifier for each entity type. Explain why you chose each identifier. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 4. Using your answer to Question 3, draw the relationships between entity types needed by the system.Remember, a relationship is needed only if the system wants data about associated entity instances. Give a meaningful name to each relationship. Specify cardinalities for each relationship and explain how you decided on each minimum and maximum cardinality at each end of each relationship. State any assumptions you made if the Petrie’s Electronics cases you have read so far and the answers to questions in these cases do not provide the evidence to justify the cardinalities you choose.Redraw your final E-R diagram in Microsoft Visio. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 5. Now that you have developed in your answer to Question 4 a complete E-R diagram for the Petrie’s Electronics database, what are the consequences of not having an employee entity type in this diagram? Assuming only the attributes you show on the E-R diagram, would any attribute be moved from the entity it is currently associated with to an employee entity type if it were in the diagram? Why or why not?Not having an employee entity in the diagram means that employee activity while interacting with the system cannot be tracke d. 7. What date-related attributes did you identify in each of the entity types in your answer to Question 4? Why are each of these needed? Can you make some observations about why date attributes must be kept in a database, based on your analysis of this database? Date objects are needed anytime the date or time of the creation or update of the object are needed (especially in recording transactions and the like).